Peringatan Keamanan

The most common adverse reaction associated with netarsudil dosed once daily in controlled clinical studies was conjunctival hyperemia which was reported by 53% of patients. Other common adverse affects reported (about 20%) include corneal verticillata, instillation site pain, and even conjunctival hemorrhage. Still other reactions include instillation site erythema, corneal staining, blurred vision, increased lacrimiation, erythema of eyelid, and reduced visual acuity being reported by 5-10% of patients in clinical studies FDA Label.

When using multiple dose containers of topical ophthalmic products there is a possibilty of contaminating the containers with agents that may cause bacterial keratitis by patients who in many cases have a concurrent corneal disease or a disruption of the ocular epithelial surface FDA Label.

Although systemic exposure to netarsudil from ocular administration is low, there is no formal available data on the safe use of netarsudil in pregnant women FDA Label.

There is no formal data available on whether significant netarsudil levels could be present in human milk following ocular administration, on the effects on the breastfed enfant, or on the effects on milk production FDA Label.

The safety and effectiveness of using netarsudil in pediatric patients below the age of 18 years have not been established FDA Label.

No overall differences in safety or effectiveness have been observed between elderly and other aduly patients FDA Label.

Long-term studies in animals have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of netarsudil. Netarsudil was not mutagenic in the Ames test, in the mouse lymphoma test, or in the in vivo rat micronucleus test. Studies to evaluate the effects of netarsudil on male or female fertility in animals have not been performed FDA Label.

Netarsudil

DB13931

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

A Rho kinase inhibitor with norepinephrine transport inhibitory activity that reduces production of aqueous

As of December 18, 2017 the FDA approved Aerie Pharmaceutical's Rhopressa (netarsudil ophthalmic solution) 0.02% for the indication of reducing elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Acting as both a rho kinase inhibitor and a norepinephrine transport inhibitor, Netarsudil is a novel glaucoma medication in that it specifically targets the conventional trabecular pathway of aqueous humour outflow to act as an inhibitor to the rho kinase and norepinephrine transporters found there as opposed to affecting protaglandin F2-alpha analog like mechanisms in the unconventional uveoscleral pathway that many other glaucoma medications demonstrate.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 453.542
Wujud liquid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: ObatTargetGenEnzim(Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi)TransporterCarrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The half-life of netarsudil incubated *in vitro* with human corneal tissue is 175 minutes [A31475].
Volume Distribusi As netarsudil and its active metabolite demonstrate a high degree of protein binding [L1093], it is expected to exhibit a low volume of distribution.
Klirens (Clearance) The clearance of netarsudil is strongly influenced by its low plasma concetrations following topical administration and absorption and high protein binding in human plasma inn [L1093].

Absorpsi

The systemic exposure of netarsudil and its active metabolite, AR-13503, after topical ocular administration of netarsudil opthalmic solution 0.02% once daily (one drop bilaterally in the morning) for eight days in 18 healthy subjects demonstrated no quantifiable plasma concentrations of netarsudil (lower limit of quantitation LLOQ 0.100 ng/mL) post dose on Day 1 and Day 8. Only one plasma concentration at 0.11 ng/mL for the active metabolite was observed for one subject on Day 8 at 8 hours post dose FDA Label.

Metabolisme

After topical ocular dosing, netarsudil is metabolized by esterases in the eye FDA label, A31475 to its active metabolite, netarsudil-M1 (or AR-13503) A31475.

Rute Eliminasi

Clinical studies assessing the *in vitro* metabolism of netarsudil using corneal tissue from humans, human plasma, and human liver microsomes and microsomal S9 fractions demonstrated that netarsudil metabolism occurs through esterase activity. Subsequent metabolism of netarsudil's esterase metabolite, AR-13503, was not detectable. In fact, esterase metabolism in human plasma was not detected during a 3 hour incubation L1093.

Interaksi Obat

0 Data
Tidak ada data.

Target Protein

Rho-associated protein kinase 1 ROCK1
Rho-associated protein kinase 2 ROCK2
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter SLC6A2

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 28609185
    Lin CW, Sherman B, Moore LA, Laethem CL, Lu DW, Pattabiraman PP, Rao PV, deLong MA, Kopczynski CC: Discovery and Preclinical Development of Netarsudil, a Novel Ocular Hypotensive Agent for the Treatment of Glaucoma. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Jun 13. doi: 10.1089/jop.2017.0023.
  • PMID: 27842161
    Ren R, Li G, Le TD, Kopczynski C, Stamer WD, Gong H: Netarsudil Increases Outflow Facility in Human Eyes Through Multiple Mechanisms. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016 Nov 1;57(14):6197-6209. doi: 10.1167/iovs.16-20189.
  • PMID: 27799730
    Garcia GA, Ngai P, Mosaed S, Lin KY: Critical evaluation of latanoprostene bunod in the treatment of glaucoma. Clin Ophthalmol. 2016 Oct 18;10:2035-2050. eCollection 2016.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 5 • International brands: 0
Produk
  • Rhokiinsa
    Solution / drops • 200 ?g/ml • Ophthalmic • EU • Approved
  • Rhopressa
    Solution / drops • 0.200 mg/1mL • Ophthalmic; Topical • US • Approved
  • Rocklatan
    Solution / drops • - • Ophthalmic; Topical • US • Approved
  • Roclanda
    Solution / drops • - • Ophthalmic • EU • Approved
  • Roclanda
    Solution / drops • - • Ophthalmic • EU • Approved

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.
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