Peringatan Keamanan

The oral LD50 of neomycin sulfate in mouse is > 8 g/kg. The subcutaneous LD50 is 200 mg/kg in rat and 190 mg/kg in mouse. The intraperitoneal LD50 in mouse is 305 mg/kg. The oral Lowest published toxic dose (TDLo) in woman is 12600 mg/kg/7D.L11982

Because of low absorption, acute overdosage from oral neomycin is not likely to occur. However, prolonged administration of neomycin should be avoided because of the possibility of some systemic absorption and the risk of neurotoxicity, ototoxicity, and/or nephrotoxicity. Hemodialysis will remove neomycin from the blood. While nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity have been reported in otherwise patients without compromised renal function, the risk for developing these toxicities is increased in patients with renal impairment.L11985 Like other aminoglycosides, neomycin may cause fetal harm and total irreversible bilateral congenital deafness when administered in pregnant women.L11979

Neomycin

DB00994

small molecule approved vet_approved

Deskripsi

Neomycin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic drug that is derived from the metabolic products of Streptomyces fradiae.L11979 Neomycin is a complex comprised of three components, neomycin A, B, and C.A191529 Neomycin B, also known as framycetin, is the most active component of the complex and neomycin C is the isomer of neomycin B, making these two stereoisomers the active components of neomycin.A175042,A191529 Neomycin A, or neamine, is a moiety that conjoins two molecules of neomycin B and C together.A175042 Neomycin is active against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and mediates its pharmacological action by binding to bacterial ribosomes and inhibiting protein synthesis, which is crucial for the survival of bacteria.L11985

Neomycin sulfate is the most common form for pharmaceutical preparations; because the compound is a complex, the amount of neomycin in products is measured in units.A191529 Neomycin sulfate as monotherapy is available in an oral solution for adjunct use in the treatment of hepatic coma.L11979 It is also used in combination with polymyxin B sulfates and hydrocortisone in otic suspensions for use in the treatment of bacterial infections in the external auditory canal, including infections caused by medical procedures in the ear.L10532 Neomycin is also used in combination with polymyxin B sulfates and dexamethasone in ophthalmic preparations for use in the treatment of inflammatory conditions and infections in the eye.L10716 Neomycin is also available in over-the-counter topical products to prevent minor skin infections.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Struktur tidak tersedia

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: ObatTargetGenEnzim(Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi)TransporterCarrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) There is limited information on the half-life of neomycin.
Volume Distribusi The small fraction of absorbed neomycin is rapidly distributed in the tissues. The amount of systemically absorbed neomycin is reported to increase cumulatively with each repeated dose administered until a steady state is reached.[L11979]
Klirens (Clearance) There is limited information on the clearance rate of neomycin.

Absorpsi

Neomycin is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal absorption of the drug may be increased if inflammatory or ulcerative gastrointestinal disease is present.L11979

Metabolisme

There is limited information on the metabolism of neomycin, as there is limited systemic absorption following drug administration. Metabolism is deemed to be negligible.

Rute Eliminasi

The small absorbed fraction of neomycin is excreted by the kidney. The unabsorbed portion of the drug is excreted unchanged in the feces.L11979

Interaksi Obat

982 Data
Succinylcholine The therapeutic efficacy of Succinylcholine can be increased when used in combination with Neomycin.
Metocurine iodide The therapeutic efficacy of Metocurine iodide can be increased when used in combination with Neomycin.
Gallamine triethiodide The therapeutic efficacy of Gallamine triethiodide can be increased when used in combination with Neomycin.
Cisatracurium Neomycin may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Cisatracurium.
Rocuronium The therapeutic efficacy of Rocuronium can be increased when used in combination with Neomycin.
Atracurium besylate The therapeutic efficacy of Atracurium besylate can be increased when used in combination with Neomycin.
Doxacurium The therapeutic efficacy of Doxacurium can be increased when used in combination with Neomycin.
Mivacurium The therapeutic efficacy of Mivacurium can be increased when used in combination with Neomycin.
Decamethonium The therapeutic efficacy of Decamethonium can be increased when used in combination with Neomycin.
Metocurine The therapeutic efficacy of Metocurine can be increased when used in combination with Neomycin.
Pancuronium The therapeutic efficacy of Pancuronium can be increased when used in combination with Neomycin.
Pipecuronium The therapeutic efficacy of Pipecuronium can be increased when used in combination with Neomycin.
Vecuronium The therapeutic efficacy of Vecuronium can be increased when used in combination with Neomycin.
Rapacuronium The therapeutic efficacy of Rapacuronium can be increased when used in combination with Neomycin.
Pyrantel The therapeutic efficacy of Pyrantel can be increased when used in combination with Neomycin.
Neosaxitoxin The therapeutic efficacy of Neosaxitoxin can be increased when used in combination with Neomycin.
Atracurium The therapeutic efficacy of Atracurium can be increased when used in combination with Neomycin.
Gallamine The therapeutic efficacy of Gallamine can be increased when used in combination with Neomycin.
Alcuronium The therapeutic efficacy of Alcuronium can be increased when used in combination with Neomycin.
Tubocurarine The therapeutic efficacy of Tubocurarine can be increased when used in combination with Neomycin.
Acarbose The metabolism of Acarbose can be decreased when combined with Neomycin.
Sorafenib The serum concentration of Sorafenib can be decreased when it is combined with Neomycin.
Picosulfuric acid The therapeutic efficacy of Picosulfuric acid can be decreased when used in combination with Neomycin.
Zoledronic acid The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Zoledronic acid.
Alendronic acid The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Alendronic acid.
Ibandronate The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Ibandronate.
Clodronic acid The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Clodronic acid.
Risedronic acid The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Risedronic acid.
Etidronic acid The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Etidronic acid.
Incadronic acid The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Incadronic acid.
Taxifolin The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Taxifolin is combined with Neomycin.
Licofelone The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Licofelone is combined with Neomycin.
Polmacoxib The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Polmacoxib is combined with Neomycin.
Ebselen The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Ebselen is combined with Neomycin.
Flurbiprofen axetil The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Flurbiprofen axetil is combined with Neomycin.
Acetyldigitoxin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Acetyldigitoxin.
Deslanoside The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Deslanoside.
Ouabain The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Ouabain.
Digitoxin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Digitoxin.
Oleandrin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Oleandrin.
Cymarin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Cymarin.
Proscillaridin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Proscillaridin.
Lanatoside C The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Lanatoside C.
Gitoformate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Gitoformate.
Peruvoside The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Peruvoside.
Piretanide The serum concentration of Neomycin can be increased when it is combined with Piretanide.
Azosemide The serum concentration of Neomycin can be increased when it is combined with Azosemide.
Tripamide The serum concentration of Neomycin can be increased when it is combined with Tripamide.
Flucloxacillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Flucloxacillin.
Dicloxacillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Dicloxacillin.
Carbenicillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Carbenicillin.
Nafcillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Nafcillin.
Hetacillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Hetacillin.
Benzylpenicilloyl polylysine The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Benzylpenicilloyl polylysine.
Mezlocillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Mezlocillin.
Cyclacillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Cyclacillin.
Benzylpenicillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Benzylpenicillin.
Azlocillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Azlocillin.
Cloxacillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Cloxacillin.
Amdinocillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Amdinocillin.
Bacampicillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Bacampicillin.
Meticillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Meticillin.
Pivampicillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Pivampicillin.
Pivmecillinam The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Pivmecillinam.
Ticarcillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Ticarcillin.
Azidocillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Azidocillin.
Carindacillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Carindacillin.
Sultamicillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Sultamicillin.
Temocillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Temocillin.
Epicillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Epicillin.
Pheneticillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Pheneticillin.
Carfecillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Carfecillin.
Propicillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Propicillin.
Clometocillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Clometocillin.
Sulbenicillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Sulbenicillin.
Penamecillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Penamecillin.
Talampicillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Talampicillin.
Aspoxicillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Aspoxicillin.
Metampicillin The serum concentration of Neomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Metampicillin.
BCG vaccine The therapeutic efficacy of BCG vaccine can be decreased when used in combination with Neomycin.
Typhoid vaccine The therapeutic efficacy of Typhoid vaccine can be decreased when used in combination with Neomycin.
Lymecycline The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Lymecycline is combined with Neomycin.
Clomocycline The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Clomocycline is combined with Neomycin.
Quinine The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Quinine is combined with Neomycin.
Tigecycline The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Tigecycline is combined with Neomycin.
Oxytetracycline The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Oxytetracycline is combined with Neomycin.
Demeclocycline The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Demeclocycline is combined with Neomycin.
Magnesium sulfate The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Magnesium sulfate is combined with Neomycin.
Metacycline The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Metacycline is combined with Neomycin.
Minocycline The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Minocycline.
Clindamycin The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Clindamycin.
Dantrolene The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Dantrolene.
Rolitetracycline The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Rolitetracycline.
Magnesium oxide The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Magnesium oxide.
Magnesium cation The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Magnesium cation.
Lincomycin The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Lincomycin.
Viomycin The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Viomycin.
Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate.
Magnesium citrate The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Magnesium citrate.
Magnesium glycinate The risk or severity of neuromuscular blockade can be increased when Neomycin is combined with Magnesium glycinate.

Target Protein

30S ribosomal protein S12 rpsL
16S ribosomal RNA
Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor CASR

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Jaehoon Yu, Jongkook Lee, Miyun Kwon, Ae Pae, Hun Koh, "Heterodimeric conjugates of neomycin-oxazolidinone, their preparation and their use." U.S. Patent US20050222055, issued October 06, 2005.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 1095304
    Lechevalier HA: The 25 years of neomycin. CRC Crit Rev Microbiol. 1975 May;3(4):359-97.
  • PMID: 6224608
    Macdonald RH, Beck M: Neomycin: a review with particular reference to dermatological usage. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1983 May;8(3):249-58. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.1983.tb01777.x.
  • PMID: 19438282
    Dlugosz M, Trylska J: Aminoglycoside association pathways with the 30S ribosomal subunit. J Phys Chem B. 2009 May 21;113(20):7322-30. doi: 10.1021/jp8112914.
Textbook
  • ISBN: 978-0-7020-3471-8
    49,50. (2012). In Rang and Dale's Pharmacology (7th ed., pp. 63-). Edinburgh: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone.

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