Peringatan Keamanan

Symptoms of overdose include mydriasis, dryness of mucous membranes, red face, atonic states of bowels and bladder, and hyperthermia in high doses. Trihexyphenidyl causes agitation, confusion, and hallucinations due to its effects on the central nervous system. Untreated overdose may result in death, especially in children. Respiratory depression and cardiac arrest may be seen as premortal signs.

Patients experiencing an overdose of trihexyphenidyl may experience dry mouth, anhidrosis, mydriasis, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, hyperpyrexia, reduced gastrointestinal motility, urinary hesitancy or retention, rash, hyperthermia, confusion, restlessness, agitation, poor coordination, paranoia, psychosis, delirium, hallucinations, coma, respiratory failure, circulatory failure, and death.A222358 Patients should be treated with symptomatic and supportive care which may include airway maintenance and the use of physostigmine.A222358

Trihexyphenidyl

DB00376

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Trihexyphenidyl is a centrally acting muscarinic antagonist used for treatment of parkinsonism and drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders.L31773,L31778 Its discovery was published in 1949 in a study looking for drugs with antispasmodic activity.A229103 Trihexyphenidyl is rarely used in the treatment of parkinsonism, and is not a first line treatment due to significant adverse effects.L31843 It has largely been replaced by drugs such as levodopa.L31843

Trihexyphenidyl was granted FDA approval on 13 May 1949.L31768

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 301.4662
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The mean elimination half life of trihexyphenidyl is 3.2 ± 0.3 hours.[A229078]
Volume Distribusi -
Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

Trihexyphenidyl is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Trihexyphenidyl reaches a Cmax of 7.2 ng/mL, with a Tmax of 1.3 hours, and an AUC of 201 ng\*h/mL.A229078,A229088

Metabolisme

Data regarding the metabolism of trihexyphenidyl are not readily available.A222358 However, it is likely not heavily metabolized.A222358

Rute Eliminasi

Data regarding the route of elimination of trihexyphenidyl are not readily available.A222358 However, it is likely eliminated predominantly in the urine.A222358

Interaksi Makanan

1 Data
  • 1. Take with or without food. Taking with food may minimize stomach upset. May take before meals to mitigate dry mouth or may take after meals to reduce excess salivation.

Interaksi Obat

552 Data
Aclidinium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Aclidinium.
Mianserin Mianserin may increase the anticholinergic activities of Trihexyphenidyl.
Mirabegron The risk or severity of urinary retention can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Mirabegron.
Potassium chloride The risk or severity of gastrointestinal ulceration can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Potassium chloride.
Pramlintide The risk or severity of reduced gastrointestinal motility can be increased when Pramlintide is combined with Trihexyphenidyl.
Secretin porcine The therapeutic efficacy of Secretin porcine can be decreased when used in combination with Trihexyphenidyl.
Tiotropium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Tiotropium.
Topiramate The risk or severity of hyperthermia and oligohydrosis can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Topiramate.
Umeclidinium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Umeclidinium.
Methylphenidate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methylphenidate is combined with Trihexyphenidyl.
Dexmethylphenidate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dexmethylphenidate is combined with Trihexyphenidyl.
Metoclopramide The therapeutic efficacy of Trihexyphenidyl can be decreased when used in combination with Metoclopramide.
Glycopyrronium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Glycopyrronium.
Botulinum toxin type A The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Glucagon Trihexyphenidyl may increase the gastrointestinal motility reducing activities of Glucagon.
Sulpiride Trihexyphenidyl may increase the anticholinergic activities of Sulpiride.
Botulinum toxin type B The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Botulinum toxin type B.
Eluxadoline The risk or severity of constipation can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Eluxadoline.
Ramosetron The risk or severity of constipation can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Ramosetron.
Naltrexone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Naltrexone.
Bezitramide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Bezitramide.
Tramadol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Tramadol.
Morphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Morphine.
Codeine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Codeine.
Hydromorphone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Hydromorphone.
Methadone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Methadone.
Meperidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Meperidine.
Oxycodone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Oxycodone.
Butorphanol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Butorphanol.
Dextropropoxyphene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Dextropropoxyphene.
Pentazocine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Pentazocine.
Sufentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Sufentanil.
Alfentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Alfentanil.
Fentanyl The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Fentanyl.
Nalbuphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Nalbuphine.
Levorphanol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Levorphanol.
Remifentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Remifentanil.
Buprenorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Buprenorphine.
Hydrocodone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Hydrocodone.
Diphenoxylate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Diphenoxylate.
Oxymorphone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Oxymorphone.
Dezocine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Dezocine.
Levacetylmethadol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Levacetylmethadol.
Methadyl acetate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Methadyl acetate.
Dihydroetorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Dihydroetorphine.
Diamorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Diamorphine.
Ethylmorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Ethylmorphine.
Etorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Etorphine.
Dextromoramide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Dextromoramide.
Desomorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Desomorphine.
Carfentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Carfentanil.
Dihydrocodeine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Dihydrocodeine.
Alphacetylmethadol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Alphacetylmethadol.
Dihydromorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Dihydromorphine.
Tapentadol The risk or severity of urinary retention and constipation can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Tapentadol.
Ketobemidone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Ketobemidone.
DPDPE The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with DPDPE.
Lofentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Lofentanil.
Opium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Opium.
Normethadone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Normethadone.
Piritramide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Piritramide.
Alphaprodine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Alphaprodine.
Nicomorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Nicomorphine.
Meptazinol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Meptazinol.
Phenoperidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Phenoperidine.
Phenazocine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Phenazocine.
Tilidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Tilidine.
Carfentanil, C-11 The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Carfentanil, C-11.
Benzhydrocodone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Benzhydrocodone.
Naloxegol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Naloxegol.
Trospium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trospium is combined with Trihexyphenidyl.
Oxyphenonium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oxyphenonium is combined with Trihexyphenidyl.
Benzatropine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benzatropine is combined with Trihexyphenidyl.
Disopyramide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Disopyramide is combined with Trihexyphenidyl.
Metixene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Metixene is combined with Trihexyphenidyl.
Terfenadine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Terfenadine is combined with Trihexyphenidyl.
Buclizine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Buclizine is combined with Trihexyphenidyl.
Oxyphencyclimine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Oxyphencyclimine.
Procyclidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Procyclidine.
Hyoscyamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Hyoscyamine.
Methscopolamine bromide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Methscopolamine bromide.
Darifenacin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Darifenacin.
Tridihexethyl The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Tridihexethyl.
Anisotropine methylbromide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Anisotropine methylbromide.
Atropine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Atropine.
Nicardipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Nicardipine.
Mecamylamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Mecamylamine.
Pirenzepine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Pirenzepine.
Homatropine methylbromide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Homatropine methylbromide.
Benzquinamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Benzquinamide.
Propantheline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Propantheline.
Dicyclomine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Dicyclomine.
Tropicamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Tropicamide.
Cocaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Cocaine.
Quinidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Quinidine.
Amantadine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Amantadine.
Methantheline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Methantheline.
Cycrimine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Cycrimine.
Cyclopentolate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Cyclopentolate.
Tolterodine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trihexyphenidyl is combined with Tolterodine.

Target Protein

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 CHRM1
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor ADRB3
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 CHRM2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 CHRM3
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 CHRM4
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 CHRM5

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 30137772
    Jilani TN, Sabir S, Sharma S: Trihexyphenidyl .
  • PMID: 2432979
    Giachetti A, Giraldo E, Ladinsky H, Montagna E: Binding and functional profiles of the selective M1 muscarinic receptor antagonists trihexyphenidyl and dicyclomine. Br J Pharmacol. 1986 Sep;89(1):83-90.
  • PMID: 31643310
    Authors unspecified: Trihexyphenidyl .
  • PMID: 31644162
    Authors unspecified: Parkinson Disease Agents .
  • PMID: 30707939
    Downs AM, Fan X, Donsante C, Jinnah HA, Hess EJ: Trihexyphenidyl rescues the deficit in dopamine neurotransmission in a mouse model of DYT1 dystonia. Neurobiol Dis. 2019 May;125:115-122. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.01.012. Epub 2019 Jan 30.
  • PMID: 15490448
    Zhao X, You T, Liu J, Sun X, Yan J, Yang X, Wang E: Drug-human serum albumin binding studied by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection. Electrophoresis. 2004 Oct;25(20):3422-6. doi: 10.1002/elps.200305930.
  • PMID: 4037749
    Burke RE, Fahn S: Pharmacokinetics of trihexyphenidyl after short-term and long-term administration to dystonic patients. Ann Neurol. 1985 Jul;18(1):35-40. doi: 10.1002/ana.410180107.
  • PMID: 7658345
    He H, McKay G, Wirshing B, Midha KK: Development and application of a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay for trihexyphenidyl to a pharmacokinetic study in humans. J Pharm Sci. 1995 May;84(5):561-7. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600840509.
Menampilkan 8 dari 9 artikel.

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