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When levodopa is used by itself as a therapy for treating Parkinson's disease, its ubiquitous metabolism into dopamine is responsible for a resultant increase in the levels of circulating dopamine in the blood and to various extracerebral tissues. This can re…
Carbidopa presents a chemical denomination of N-amino-alpha-methyl-3-hydroxy-L-tyrosine monohydrate. It potently inhibits aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (DDC) and due to its chemical properties, it does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Due to its activit…
Entacapone is a selective, reversible catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitor for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It is a member of the class of nitrocatechols. When administered concomittantly with levodopa and a decarboxylase inhibitor (e.g., c…
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Fluorodopa F 18 is a fluorinated analog of [levodopa] used as a diagnostic agent for positron emission tomography (PET) in the evaluation of Parkinsonian syndromes.[L12849] Fluorodopa F 18 PET is used adjunctly with other diagnostic investigations and serves …
Foslevodopa is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04750226 (Study to Assess Adverse Events and Change in Disease Activity of 24-hour Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion of ABBV-951 in Adult Participants With Advanced Parkinson's Disease).
Istradefylline, or KW6002, was developed by Kyowa Hakko Kirin in Japan for the treatment of Parkinson's disease as an adjunct to standard therapy.[A184067] Unlike standard dopaminergic therapies for Parkinson's, Istradefylline targets adenosine A<sub>2A</sub>…
Levodopa is a prodrug of dopamine that is administered to patients with Parkinson's due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier[Label]. Levodopa can be metabolised to dopamine on either side of the blood-brain barrier and so it is generally administer…
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Mesdopetam is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04435431 (A Clinical Study of Mesdopetam in Patients With Parkinson's Disease Experiencing Levodopa Induced Dyskinesia).
Nebicapone is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03097211 (Effect of BIA 6-512 at Steady-state on the Levodopa Pharmacokinetics With a Single-dose of Levodopa/Benserazide 200/50 mg or With a Single-dose of Levodopa/Benserazide 200/50 mg Plus a Single-do…
Opicapone is a potent, reversible, and peripherally-acting third-generation inhibitor of catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme involved in the breakdown of various catecholamines including dopamine.[A36938, A203048] Many patients with Parkinson’s dis…
Pergolide is a long-acting dopamine agonist approved in 1982 for the treatment of Parkinson’s Disease. It is an ergot derivative that acts on the dopamine D2 and D3, alpha2- and alpha1-adrenergic, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors. It was indicated as …
A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase. It is used in newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease. It may slow progression of the clinical disease and delay the requirement for levodopa therapy. It also may be given with levodop…
Tolcapone is a drug that inhibits the enzyme catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT). It is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease as an adjunct to levodopa/carbidopa medication. It is a yellow, odorless, non-hygroscopic, crystalline compound. Tolcapone is…
Trihexyphenidyl is a centrally acting muscarinic antagonist used for treatment of parkinsonism and drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders.[L31773,L31778] Its discovery was published in 1949 in a study looking for drugs with antispasmodic activity.[A229103] Tri…
XP21279 is a prodrug of [Levodopa], a dopamine precursor used in the management of Parkinson's disease. XP21279 was under investigation in clinical trial NCT00914602 (An Exploratory Study of XP21279 (With Lodosyn®) and Sinemet® in Parkinson's Disease Subjects…