Peringatan Keamanan

Toxicity information regarding hyperpolarized Xenon-129 is not readily available. Patients experiencing an overdose are at an increased risk of severe adverse effects such as transient hypoxia.^L44523 Symptomatic and supportive measures are recommended. The mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of hyperpolarized Xenon-129 has not been evaluated.^L44523

Xenon Xe-129

DB17386

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 (Xe-129) is a contrast agent used in the lung's clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Lung MRIs are challenging due to the low proton density of this tissue, as well as the presence of artifacts due to respiration and cardiovascular pulsation movement and air–tissue interfaces.A255178,A255183 The use of hyperpolarized noble gases makes lung MRIs feasible. They undergo a process that increases nuclear polarization up to five orders of magnitude, leading to a higher MRI signal. Helium-3 (He-3) is the one most commonly used due to its strong signal and favorable safety profile, but its use in other applications has affected its availability.^A255178 Xe-129 has a lower cost, and adverse effects are normally resolved shortly after administration.^A255183 In December 2022, the FDA approved the use of hyperpolarized Xe-129 for use with MRI for the evaluation of lung ventilation.^L44528 Hyperpolarized Xe-129 is chemically identical to non-polarized Xe-129, and xenon is a clear, colorless, monoatomic, inert, stable, noble gas.^L44523

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 128.9048

Wujud gas

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Xenon-129 in a 75% Xe/25% N<sub>2</sub> gas mixture has an elimination half-life of 14.5 seconds. In a 25% Xe/75% N2 gas mixture, xenon-129 has an elimination half-life of 14.3 seconds.[L44523]

Volume Distribusi Xenon is readily diffusible and able to disperse in the ventilated areas of the lung. There is a small amount of xenon uptake into the pulmonary vessels, followed by distribution to more distal organs.[L44523]

Klirens (Clearance) Not available.

Absorpsi

The pharmacokinetic parameters of hyperpolarized xenon-129 are similar to those of non-polarized xenon. Xenon has low solubility; however, it is higher in fatty tissues compared to aqueous tissues and body compartments such as plasma.A255193,L44523 A study that modelled the pharmacokinetics of hyperpolarized xenon-129 suggests that 80% is the maximum concentration that can be inhaled. Hyperpolarized xenon-129 delivered through inhalation can be detected in both pulmonary and cerebral tissues.^A255188

Metabolisme

As an inert gas, xenon is not metabolized under normal conditions. It does not have an effect on renal or hepatic function.^A255193

Rute Eliminasi

Xenon-129 administered through inhalation is eliminated through exhalation.^L44523

Interaksi Obat

0 Data

Tidak ada data.

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Honig, A. (2000). Bulk production and usage of hyperpolarized 129 Xenon. (U.S. Patent No. 6,125,654 A). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/07/b2/0d/d93e5d29439e56/US6125654.pdf

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 23355432
Mugler JP 3rd, Altes TA: Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI of the human lung. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013 Feb;37(2):313-31. doi: 10.1002/jmri.23844.
PMID: 24840481
Liu Z, Araki T, Okajima Y, Albert M, Hatabu H: Pulmonary hyperpolarized noble gas MRI: recent advances and perspectives in clinical application. Eur J Radiol. 2014 Jul;83(7):1282-1291. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2014.04.014. Epub 2014 Apr 30.
PMID: 27643815
Wang Y, Dmochowski IJ: An Expanded Palette of Xenon-129 NMR Biosensors. Acc Chem Res. 2016 Oct 18;49(10):2179-2187. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00309. Epub 2016 Sep 19.
PMID: 31082041
Bajaj T, Cascella M, Borger J: Xenon. .
PMID: 31699844
Eddy RL, Parraga G: Pulmonary xenon-129 MRI: new opportunities to unravel enigmas in respiratory medicine. Eur Respir J. 2020 Feb 6;55(2):1901987. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01987-2019. Print 2020 Feb.

Link

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 2 • International brands: 0

Produk

Xenoview

Gas • 75 mL/1L • Respiratory (inhalation) • US • Approved
Xenoview

Gas • - • Respiratory (inhalation) • US • Approved

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.