These cells are prepared as universal off-the-shelf CAR-NK cells from cord blood with NKG2D-ACE2 proteins engineered as part of the CARs; the cell secretes IL-15 and GM-CSF. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are artificial receptors consisting of an antibody-derived antigen binding domain and transmembrane and signaling domains from T-cell receptor signalling moieties. First used with autologous human T cells (CAR-T) as cancer immunotherapies, these receptors are now being engineered onto natural killer (NK) cells due to lower potential for graft-versus-host disease and cytokine release syndrome. The IL-15 superagonist increases the activity of NK cells and improves their target cytotoxicity. The GM-CSF acts as a neutralizer for the CAR-T cell-mediated cytokine release and neurotoxicity. The transmembrane NKG2D and intracellular 2B4 domains are required for optimal NK signalling and subsequent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The ACE2 is a receptor for SARS-Cov-2, binding to the S-protein of the viral envelope and competitively inhibiting SARS-Cov-2 infection of type II alveolar epithelial cells.
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.