Peringatan Keamanan

In embryo-fetal development toxicity studies in rats and rabbits, embryo-lethality was noted at the highest doses (128- and 174-fold the human AUC24 at the human therapeutic dose for rats and rabbits, respectively). The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for embryo-fetal development was 50 mg/kg/day in rats and 45 mg/kg/day in rabbits (62- and 16-fold the human AUC24 at the human therapeutic dose for rats and rabbits, respectively). Fezolinetant showed no effects on fertility and early embryonic development in rats.L46422

In the pre-and post-natal development study in rats, the NOAEL for maternal and fetal toxicity was 30 mg/kg/day (36-fold the human AUC24 at the human therapeutic dose) based on delayed parturition and embryo-lethality at 100 mg/kg/day. The NOAEL for F1 generation development was determined to be 100 mg/kg/day for females (204-fold the human AUC24 at the human therapeutic dose) and 10 mg/kg/day for males (11-fold the human AUC24 at the human therapeutic dose).L46422

In the pre-and post-natal development study in rats, the F1 male showed incomplete balanopreputial separation at doses greater than or equal to 30 mg/kg/day (36-fold the human AUC24 at the human therapeutic dose), which delayed male reproductive maturation and affected fertility. These effects were not observed following dosing at 10 mg/kg/day (11-fold the human AUC24 at the human therapeutic dose).L46422

Repeat dose toxicity studies were conducted in intact female rats and cynomolgus monkeys. In female rats, daily administration of fezolinetant for 26 weeks at doses equal to or greater than 30 mg/kg/day (56-fold the human AUC24 at the human therapeutic dose) showed uterine atrophy and epithelial mucification of the vagina and cervix. In female cynomolgus monkeys, daily administration for 39 weeks at doses equal to or greater than 10 mg/kg/day (19-fold the human AUC24 at the human therapeutic dose) showed reduced ovarian activity.L46422

Fezolinetant is contraindicated in individuals with severe (eGFR 15 to less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2) renal impairment or end-stage renal disease (eGFR less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m2). No dose adjustment of fezolinetant is recommended for individuals with mild (eGFR 60 to less than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2) or moderate (eGFR 30 to less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) renal impairment.L46422

Child-Pugh Class A or B hepatic impairment increased the exposure to fezolinetant. Fezolinetant has not been studied in individuals with Child-Pugh Class C hepatic impairment.L46422

In a 2-year female rat carcinogenicity study and a 26-week carcinogenicity study in rasH2 transgenic mice, there was no evidence of drug-related carcinogenicity at 186-fold and 47-fold the human AUC24 at the human therapeutic dose of 45 mg, respectively.L46422

Fezolinetant showed no genotoxic potential by the bacterial reverse mutation test, chromosomal aberration test, or in vivo micronucleus test.L46422

Treatment of overdose consists of discontinuation of fezolinetant therapy with the institution of appropriate symptomatic care.L46422

Fezolinetant

DB15669

small molecule approved investigational

Deskripsi

Vasomotor symptoms (VMS), more colloquially known as hot flashes or night sweats, are some of the most common symptoms in menopause. With a median duration of 7.4 years, vasomotor symptoms are also the most common reasons why women seek treatments for menopausal issues.A259591,A259596 Although mostly considered a nuisance, vasomotor symptoms can significantly affect quality of life, as women with 7 or more moderate to severe VMS daily have reported a decline in sleep quality, concentration, sexual activity, energy, and concentration.A259601

Although the pathophysiology of VMS is not fully understood, unpredictable fluctuation in estrogen levels is thought to be the main cause of VMS, as estrogen therapy has been one of the most effective treatments for VMS by relieving symptoms in as many as 95% of menopausal women. Women undergoing abrupt menopause due to oophorectomy also experienced more severe symptoms than those going through a gradual transition.A259606,A259601 Additionally, thermoregulatory dysfunction has been proposed as one of the three possible mechanisms for VMS in menopause.A259606 Estrogen is a potent neuromodulator, particularly in the hypothalamus, and has been shown to be involved as a negative regulator in generating Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse through the kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin (KNDy) neurons.A259591,A259542 NK3, one of the receptors expressed in KNDy neurons, is activated by neurokinin B and can thus induce the release of GnRH.A259591,A259542 Lower estrogen levels during menopause will decrease the estrogen-mediated feedback loop and increase neurokinin B signalling, increasing the activity of KNDy neurons and therefore the activity of the temperature control center.A259591,A259542 By antagonizing NK3 receptors, neuronal signalling can be dampened to reduce VMS.A259591,A259542

Although hormone therapy is available for menopausal women, safety and tolerability concerns, such as an increased risk of stroke and venous thromboembolism or hormone-dependent cancer like breast cancer, can prevent some women from receiving this treatment.A259542 Fezolinetant, an NK3 receptor antagonist, was developed in response to this issue as well as more understanding of the role of NK3R in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis.A259542 Although previous NK3 receptor antagonists exist, such as osanetant and talnetant, only fezolinetant showed tangible effects on the HPC axis, potentially due to its favorable pharmacokinetics profile to cross the blood-brain barrier.A259542

Fezolinetant was approved by the FDA in May 2023 under the brand name Veozah.L46422 It was subsequently approved by the EMA in December 2023 for the same indication.L50086

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 358.4
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: ObatTargetGenEnzim(Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi)TransporterCarrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The effective half-life (t<sub>1/2</sub>) of fezolinetant is 9.6 hours in women with vasomotor symptoms.[L46422]
Volume Distribusi The mean apparent volume of distribution (Vz/F) of fezolinetant is 189 L.[L46422]
Klirens (Clearance) The apparent clearance at steady state of fezolinetant is 10.8 L/h.[L46422]

Absorpsi

In healthy women, fezolinetant Cmax and AUC increased proportionally over a dosage range from 20 to 60 mg once daily (0.44 to 1.33 times the approved recommended dosage). Steady-state plasma concentrations of fezolinetant were reached after two once-daily doses, with minimal fezolinetant accumulation. The median (range) time to reach fezolinetant Cmax is 1.5 (1 to 4) hours in healthy women.L46422

Metabolisme

Fezolinetant is primarily metabolized by CYP1A2 and to a lesser extent by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. A major metabolite of fezolinetant, ES259564, was identified in plasma. ES259564 is approximately 20-fold less potent than the parent. The metabolite-to-parent ratio ranges from 0.7 to 1.8.L46422

Rute Eliminasi

Following oral administration of fezolinetant, 76.9% of the dose was excreted in urine (1.1% unchanged) and 14.7% in feces (0.1% unchanged).L46422

Interaksi Obat

331 Data
Deferasirox The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Deferasirox.
Peginterferon alfa-2b The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Peginterferon alfa-2b.
Leflunomide The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be decreased when it is combined with Leflunomide.
Teriflunomide The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be decreased when it is combined with Teriflunomide.
Abiraterone The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Abiraterone.
Cyproterone acetate The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with Cyproterone acetate.
Albendazole The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with Albendazole.
Carbamazepine The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Carbamazepine.
Primidone The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with Primidone.
Rifampin The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with Rifampicin.
Caffeine The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Caffeine.
Moxifloxacin The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Moxifloxacin.
Lidocaine The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Lidocaine.
Mexiletine The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Mexiletine.
Imipramine The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Imipramine.
Alosetron The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Alosetron.
Ketoconazole The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Ketoconazole.
Gatifloxacin The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Gatifloxacin.
Simeprevir The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Simeprevir.
Vemurafenib The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Vemurafenib.
Dosulepin The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Dosulepin.
Lobeglitazone The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Lobeglitazone.
Curcumin The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Curcumin.
Pazufloxacin The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Pazufloxacin.
Osilodrostat The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Osilodrostat.
Osimertinib The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be decreased when it is combined with Osimertinib.
Citalopram The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Citalopram.
Nevirapine The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be decreased when combined with Nevirapine.
Anagrelide The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Anagrelide.
Conjugated estrogens The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Conjugated estrogens.
Ethambutol The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be decreased when combined with Ethambutol.
Cimetidine The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Cimetidine.
Trovafloxacin The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Trovafloxacin.
Estradiol The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Estradiol.
Famotidine The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be decreased when combined with Famotidine.
Tocainide The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Tocainide.
Genistein The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Genistein.
Quercetin The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be decreased when combined with Quercetin.
Viloxazine The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be decreased when combined with Viloxazine.
Rucaparib The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Rucaparib.
Pipemidic acid The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Pipemidic acid.
Estradiol acetate The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Estradiol acetate.
Estradiol benzoate The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Estradiol benzoate.
Estradiol dienanthate The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Estradiol dienanthate.
Estradiol valerate The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Estradiol valerate.
Belinostat The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with Belinostat.
Somatotropin The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with Somatotropin.
Insulin pork The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with Insulin pork.
Phenylephrine The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with Phenylephrine.
Ritonavir The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with Ritonavir.
Nafcillin The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with Nafcillin.
Primaquine The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with Primaquine.
Fosphenytoin The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with Fosphenytoin.
NN344 The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with NN344.
Dovitinib The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with Dovitinib.
Armodafinil The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with Armodafinil.
beta-Naphthoflavone The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with beta-Naphthoflavone.
Capsaicin The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with Capsaicin.
Stiripentol The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Stiripentol.
Methylene blue The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Methylene blue.
Insulin beef The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with Insulin beef.
Insulin peglispro The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with Insulin peglispro.
Insulin tregopil The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with Insulin tregopil.
Pitolisant The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with Pitolisant.
Somapacitan The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with Somapacitan.
Trilaciclib The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Trilaciclib.
Lonapegsomatropin The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be increased when combined with Lonapegsomatropin.
Peginterferon alfa-2a The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Peginterferon alfa-2a.
Interferon alfa-n1 The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Interferon alfa-n1.
Interferon alfa-n3 The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Interferon alfa-n3.
Interferon gamma-1b The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Interferon gamma-1b.
Interferon alfa-2a The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Interferon alfa-2a.
Interferon beta-1a The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Interferon beta-1a.
Interferon beta-1b The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Interferon beta-1b.
Interferon alfacon-1 The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Interferon alfacon-1.
Interferon alfa-2b The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Interferon alfa-2b.
Ticlopidine The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Ticlopidine.
Valproic acid The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Valproic acid.
Grepafloxacin The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Grepafloxacin.
Promazine The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Promazine.
Dronabinol The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Dronabinol.
Fluoxetine The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Fluoxetine.
Pefloxacin The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Pefloxacin.
Methoxsalen The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Methoxsalen.
Efavirenz The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Efavirenz.
Dexmedetomidine The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Dexmedetomidine.
Thiabendazole The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Thiabendazole.
Zileuton The metabolism of Fezolinetant can be decreased when combined with Zileuton.
Methimazole The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Methimazole.
Nalidixic acid The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Nalidixic acid.
Rosoxacin The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Rosoxacin.
Cinoxacin The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Cinoxacin.
Isoniazid The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Isoniazid.
Norfloxacin The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Norfloxacin.
Atazanavir The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Atazanavir.
Tegaserod The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Tegaserod.
Amiodarone The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Amiodarone.
Gemifloxacin The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Gemifloxacin.
Orphenadrine The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Orphenadrine.
Propafenone The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Propafenone.

Target Protein

Neuromedin-K receptor TACR3

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 32769757
    Santoro N, Waldbaum A, Lederman S, Kroll R, Fraser GL, Lademacher C, Skillern L, Young J, Ramael S: Effect of the neurokinin 3 receptor antagonist fezolinetant on patient-reported outcomes in postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, dose-ranging study (VESTA). Menopause. 2020 Dec;27(12):1350-1356. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001621.
  • PMID: 21961716
    Thurston RC, Joffe H: Vasomotor symptoms and menopause: findings from the Study of Women's Health across the Nation. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2011 Sep;38(3):489-501. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2011.05.006.
  • PMID: 37097747
    Pinkerton JV, Redick DL, Homewood LN, Kaunitz AM: Neurokinin receptor antagonist, fezolinetant, for treatment of menopausal vasomotor symptoms. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Apr 25:dgad209. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad209.
  • PMID: 18074100
    Deecher DC, Dorries K: Understanding the pathophysiology of vasomotor symptoms (hot flushes and night sweats) that occur in perimenopause, menopause, and postmenopause life stages. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2007;10(6):247-57. doi: 10.1007/s00737-007-0209-5. Epub 2007 Dec 12.
  • PMID: 33724119
    Depypere H, Lademacher C, Siddiqui E, Fraser GL: Fezolinetant in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2021 Jul;30(7):681-694. doi: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1893305. Epub 2021 Jul 12.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 7 • International brands: 0
Produk
  • Veoza
    Tablet, film coated • 45 mg • Oral • EU • Approved
  • Veoza
    Tablet, film coated • 45 mg • Oral • EU • Approved
  • Veoza
    Tablet, film coated • 45 mg • Oral • EU • Approved
  • Veoza
    Tablet, film coated • 45 mg • Oral • EU • Approved
  • Veozah
    Tablet, film coated • 45 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved
  • Veozah
    Tablet, film coated • 45 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved
  • Veozah
    Tablet, film coated • 45 mg/1 • Oral • US • Approved

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