Peringatan Keamanan

LD50 information for beta interferon is not readily available in the literature.

Overdose information

Following an overdose with a very high dose of beta interferon, one patient described in a case report experienced a modest rise in body temperature with diffuse limb and truncal erythema. The symptoms resolved within 24 hours. Biochemical and hematologic parameters were nonremarkable after the overdose.^A191871 In the case of an overdose, discontinue beta interferon and resume when the patient has returned to baseline function.

Human interferon beta

DB14999

biotech approved investigational

Deskripsi

Human interferon beta is a polypeptide used in the management of relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and was initially approved by the FDA in 1992.^L12081 Multiple Sclerosis is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that is usually progressive and significantly debilitating with a profound impact on the quality of life.^A191784

Interferon beta is currently being studied as a possible treatment for COVID-19, which results from infection with the novel 2019 SARS-CoV-2 virus.^L12078 Interferon-beta has been used in the past in clinical studies with other coronaviruses due to its demonstrated activity against the virus causing Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). It is therefore a potential drug candidate for SARS-CoV-2 based on viral genetic similarity.A191733,L12012

Struktur Molekul 2D

Struktur tidak tersedia

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The mean terminal elimination half-life of interferon-beta varies from 8 minutes to about 4 hours.[A191859,L12081]

Volume Distribusi The average state volume of distribution for beta interferon is 0.25 L/kg to 2.88 L/kg.[L12081,L12096] Another reference mentions a volume of distribution of 120 L.[A191859] Beta interferon is distributed throughout the body after extravasation across the vascular wall into the tissue after injection. It likely does not cross the blood-brain barrier, and it is unclear whether beta interferon crosses the placenta.[A191859]

Klirens (Clearance) Average serum clearance in a pharmacokinetic study of beta-interferon 1b ranged from 9.4 mL/min•kg-1 to 28.9 mL/min•kg-1.[L12096] Another study revealed a clearance ranging between 0.3 to 1.4 L/h/kg.[A191859]

Absorpsi

Beta interferon has a bioavailability of about 30% after subcutaneous or intramuscular administration, demonstrating peak serum concentrations within several hours of a dose. Peak interferon beta-1b concentrations are achieved between 1-8 hours post-dose, measuring about 40 IU/mL.^L12081 After injection, it is absorbed mainly by the lymphatic route.^A191859 Prescribing information for interferon beta-1b indicates a bioavailability of 50%.^L12096 Concentrations of beta interferon are detectable in the circulation 1-2 to days after administration.^A191859

Metabolisme

Data regarding the metabolism of beta interferon is not readily available in the literature.

Rute Eliminasi

Beta interferon is excreted by hepatic and renal pathways, with renal pathways accountable for about 40% of its clearance.^A191859

Interaksi Obat

40 Data

Caffeine	The metabolism of Caffeine can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Dyphylline	The metabolism of Dyphylline can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Pentoxifylline	The metabolism of Pentoxifylline can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Mercaptopurine	The metabolism of Mercaptopurine can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Oxtriphylline	The metabolism of Oxtriphylline can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Theobromine	The metabolism of Theobromine can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Fenethylline	The metabolism of Fenethylline can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
8-azaguanine	The metabolism of 8-azaguanine can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
7,9-Dimethylguanine	The metabolism of 7,9-Dimethylguanine can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Xanthine	The metabolism of Xanthine can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
7-Deazaguanine	The metabolism of 7-Deazaguanine can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Guanine	The metabolism of Guanine can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
9-Methylguanine	The metabolism of 9-Methylguanine can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Peldesine	The metabolism of Peldesine can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Hypoxanthine	The metabolism of Hypoxanthine can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
9-Deazaguanine	The metabolism of 9-Deazaguanine can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Propentofylline	The metabolism of Propentofylline can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Valomaciclovir	The metabolism of Valomaciclovir can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-xanthine	The metabolism of 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-xanthine can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Uric acid	The metabolism of Uric acid can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Doxofylline	The metabolism of Doxofylline can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
6-O-benzylguanine	The metabolism of 6-O-benzylguanine can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Lisofylline	The metabolism of Lisofylline can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Lobucavir	The metabolism of Lobucavir can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Cafedrine	The metabolism of Cafedrine can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Theodrenaline	The metabolism of Theodrenaline can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Bamifylline	The metabolism of Bamifylline can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Proxyphylline	The metabolism of Proxyphylline can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Acefylline	The metabolism of Acefylline can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Etamiphylline	The metabolism of Etamiphylline can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Pentifylline	The metabolism of Pentifylline can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Bufylline	The metabolism of Bufylline can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Bromotheophylline	The metabolism of Bromotheophylline can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Furafylline	The metabolism of Furafylline can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
8-chlorotheophylline	The metabolism of 8-chlorotheophylline can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
PCS-499	The metabolism of PCS-499 can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Theophylline	The metabolism of Theophylline can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Aminophylline	The metabolism of Aminophylline can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Lomifylline	The metabolism of Lomifylline can be decreased when combined with Human interferon beta.
Cladribine	The risk or severity of lymphopenia can be increased when Human interferon beta is combined with Cladribine.

Target Protein

Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 IFNAR1

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 17562848
Markowitz CE: Interferon-beta: mechanism of action and dosing issues. Neurology. 2007 Jun 12;68(24 Suppl 4):S8-11. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000277703.74115.d2.
PMID: 27097824
Al Ghamdi M, Alghamdi KM, Ghandoora Y, Alzahrani A, Salah F, Alsulami A, Bawayan MF, Vaidya D, Perl TM, Sood G: Treatment outcomes for patients with Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS CoV) infection at a coronavirus referral center in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. BMC Infect Dis. 2016 Apr 21;16:174. doi: 10.1186/s12879-016-1492-4.
PMID: 28588671
Huang WJ, Chen WW, Zhang X: Multiple sclerosis: Pathology, diagnosis and treatments. Exp Ther Med. 2017 Jun;13(6):3163-3166. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.4410. Epub 2017 Apr 28.
PMID: 25356432
Kasper LH, Reder AT: Immunomodulatory activity of interferon-beta. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2014 Aug;1(8):622-31. doi: 10.1002/acn3.84. Epub 2014 Jul 23.
PMID: 26419922
Hegen H, Auer M, Deisenhammer F: Pharmacokinetic considerations in the treatment of multiple sclerosis with interferon-beta. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2015;11(12):1803-19. doi: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1094055. Epub 2015 Sep 30.
PMID: 16204396
Falcone NP, Nappo A, Neuteboom B: Interferon beta-1a overdose in a multiple sclerosis patient. Ann Pharmacother. 2005 Nov;39(11):1950-2. doi: 10.1345/aph.1E416. Epub 2005 Oct 4.
PMID: 23552422
Chan RW, Chan MC, Agnihothram S, Chan LL, Kuok DI, Fong JH, Guan Y, Poon LL, Baric RS, Nicholls JM, Peiris JS: Tropism of and innate immune responses to the novel human betacoronavirus lineage C virus in human ex vivo respiratory organ cultures. J Virol. 2013 Jun;87(12):6604-14. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00009-13. Epub 2013 Apr 3.

Link

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 0 • International brands: 0

Belum ada data produk/brand untuk obat ini pada database. Jalankan import DrugBank untuk mengisi field produk/brand.

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.