Peringatan Keamanan

Subcutaneous doses of somatrogon higher than 0.66 mg/kg per week have not been studied. Based on existing clinical data of other growth hormone products, short-term overdosage from somatrogon could lead initially to hypoglycemia and subsequently to hyperglycemia. Long-term overdosage could result in signs and symptoms of gigantism or acromegaly consistent with the effects of excess growth hormone. Overdose with somatrogon should be treated with general supportive measures.^L39362

Somatrogon

DB14960

biotech approved

Deskripsi

Somatrogon is a long-acting recombinant human growth hormone. Growth hormone is a peptide hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that plays a crucial role in promoting longitudinal growth during childhood and adolescence and regulating metabolic function in adulthood.^A241515 Recombinant growth hormone therapy for growth hormone deficiency and other conditions has been available since 1985, with daily administration being the standard treatment for many years. More recently, longer-acting forms of growth hormone were developed to improve patient adherence and thus, improve the therapeutic efficacy of treatment.^A241485 Somatrogon was produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells using recombinant DNA technology. It is a chimeric product generated by fusing three copies of the C-terminal peptide (CTP), or 28 carboxy-terminal residues, from the beta chain of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to the N-terminus and C-terminus of human growth hormone.A241515,L39362 The glycosylation and the presence of CTPs in the protein sequence prolongs the half-life of somatrogon and allows its once-weekly dosing.^L39362

In October 2021, Health Canada approved somatrogon under the market name NGENLA as the long-term treatment of pediatric patients who have growth failure due to an inadequate secretion of endogenous growth hormone caused by growth hormone deficiency, marking Canada as the first country to approve this drug.^L39060 In June 2023, the FDA approved the use of somatrogon also for the treatment of pediatric growth hormone deficiency.L47153,L47158 Somatrogon is available as a once-weekly subcutaneous injection.L39080,L47153

Struktur Molekul 2D

Struktur tidak tersedia

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Following subcutaneous administration of 0.66 mg/kg/wk in pediatric patients with growth hormone deficiency, the half-life was 28.3 hours. Somatrogon was detected in the circulation for about 6 days after the last dose.[L39362]

Volume Distribusi Following subcutaneous administration of 0.66 mg/kg/wk in pediatric patients with growth hormone deficiency, the apparent central volume of distribution (Vc) was 0.812 L/kg and the apparent peripheral volume of distribution (Vt) was 0.169 L/kg. Somatrogon does not accumulate after once-weekly administration.[L39362]

Klirens (Clearance) Following subcutaneous administration of 0.66 mg/kg/wk in pediatric patients with growth hormone deficiency, the clearance was 0.0336 L/h/kg.[L39362]

Absorpsi

Following subcutaneous administration of 0.66 mg/kg/wk in pediatric patients with growth hormone deficiency, C_max of somatrogon was 690 ng/mL. T_max was 8 hours and the AUC was 21800 ng x h/mL. Over the dose range of 0.25-0.66 mg/kg/week, somatrogon exposure increased in a dose-proportional manner.^L39362

Metabolisme

Somatrogon is expected to undergo protein catabolism, with subsequent reclamation of the amino acids and return to the systemic circulation.^L39362

Rute Eliminasi

There is no information available.

Interaksi Obat

975 Data

Cortisone acetate	The serum concentration of the active metabolites of Cortisone acetate can be reduced when Cortisone acetate is used in combination with Somatrogon resulting in a loss in efficacy.
Macimorelin	The therapeutic efficacy of Macimorelin can be decreased when used in combination with Somatrogon.
Antipyrine	The metabolism of Antipyrine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Fluvoxamine	The metabolism of Fluvoxamine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Bortezomib	The metabolism of Bortezomib can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Betaxolol	The metabolism of Betaxolol can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Caffeine	The metabolism of Caffeine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Anagrelide	The metabolism of Anagrelide can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Carmustine	The metabolism of Carmustine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Ropinirole	The metabolism of Ropinirole can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Theophylline	The metabolism of Theophylline can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Disopyramide	The therapeutic efficacy of Disopyramide can be decreased when used in combination with Somatrogon.
Lidocaine	The metabolism of Lidocaine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Conjugated estrogens	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatrogon can be decreased when used in combination with Conjugated estrogens.
Ropivacaine	The metabolism of Ropivacaine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Penciclovir	The metabolism of Penciclovir can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Zolmitriptan	The metabolism of Zolmitriptan can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Acetaminophen	The metabolism of Acetaminophen can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Amitriptyline	The metabolism of Amitriptyline can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Olanzapine	The metabolism of Olanzapine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Chlorzoxazone	The metabolism of Chlorzoxazone can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Clozapine	The metabolism of Clozapine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Grepafloxacin	The metabolism of Grepafloxacin can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Mirtazapine	The metabolism of Mirtazapine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Mexiletine	The metabolism of Mexiletine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Tacrine	The metabolism of Tacrine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Triamterene	The metabolism of Triamterene can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Sorafenib	The metabolism of Sorafenib can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Promazine	The metabolism of Promazine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Zolpidem	The metabolism of Zolpidem can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Entecavir	The metabolism of Entecavir can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Imipramine	The metabolism of Imipramine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Nabumetone	The metabolism of Nabumetone can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Quinine	The therapeutic efficacy of Quinine can be decreased when used in combination with Somatrogon.
Fluoxetine	The metabolism of Fluoxetine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Chlorpromazine	The metabolism of Chlorpromazine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Flutamide	The metabolism of Flutamide can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Haloperidol	The metabolism of Haloperidol can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Albendazole	The metabolism of Albendazole can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Erlotinib	The metabolism of Erlotinib can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Mephenytoin	The metabolism of Mephenytoin can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Rofecoxib	The metabolism of Rofecoxib can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Fluorouracil	The metabolism of Fluorouracil can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Cinnarizine	The metabolism of Cinnarizine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Propranolol	The metabolism of Propranolol can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Fenfluramine	The metabolism of Fenfluramine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Clonidine	The metabolism of Clonidine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Diclofenac	The metabolism of Diclofenac can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Imatinib	The metabolism of Imatinib can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Efavirenz	The metabolism of Efavirenz can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Guanabenz	The metabolism of Guanabenz can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Pemetrexed	The metabolism of Pemetrexed can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Estrone	The metabolism of Estrone can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Verapamil	The metabolism of Verapamil can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Tamoxifen	The metabolism of Tamoxifen can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Warfarin	The metabolism of Warfarin can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Tizanidine	The metabolism of Tizanidine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Paroxetine	The metabolism of Paroxetine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Thiabendazole	The metabolism of Thiabendazole can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Riluzole	The metabolism of Riluzole can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Zileuton	The metabolism of Zileuton can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Clopidogrel	The metabolism of Clopidogrel can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Etoposide	The metabolism of Etoposide can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Estradiol	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatrogon can be decreased when used in combination with Estradiol.
Mefenamic acid	The metabolism of Mefenamic acid can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Acyclovir	The metabolism of Acyclovir can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Naproxen	The metabolism of Naproxen can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Pentoxifylline	The metabolism of Pentoxifylline can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Trifluoperazine	The metabolism of Trifluoperazine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Perphenazine	The metabolism of Perphenazine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Dacarbazine	The metabolism of Dacarbazine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Terbinafine	The metabolism of Terbinafine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Ranitidine	The metabolism of Ranitidine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Ethanol	The metabolism of Ethanol can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Ondansetron	The metabolism of Ondansetron can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Cyclobenzaprine	The metabolism of Cyclobenzaprine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Maprotiline	The metabolism of Maprotiline can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Alosetron	The metabolism of Alosetron can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Azelastine	The metabolism of Azelastine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Ethinylestradiol	The therapeutic efficacy of Somatrogon can be decreased when used in combination with Ethinylestradiol.
Lomefloxacin	The metabolism of Lomefloxacin can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Ramelteon	The metabolism of Ramelteon can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Azathioprine	The metabolism of Azathioprine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Frovatriptan	The metabolism of Frovatriptan can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Levobupivacaine	The metabolism of Levobupivacaine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Cinacalcet	The metabolism of Cinacalcet can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Selegiline	The metabolism of Selegiline can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Tocainide	The metabolism of Tocainide can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Praziquantel	The metabolism of Praziquantel can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Melatonin	The metabolism of Melatonin can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Benzocaine	The metabolism of Benzocaine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Primaquine	The metabolism of Primaquine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Hesperetin	The metabolism of Hesperetin can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Leflunomide	The metabolism of Leflunomide can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Pimozide	The metabolism of Pimozide can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Nifedipine	The metabolism of Nifedipine can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Carvedilol	The metabolism of Carvedilol can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Doxepin	The metabolism of Doxepin can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Cilostazol	The metabolism of Cilostazol can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.
Propafenone	The metabolism of Propafenone can be increased when combined with Somatrogon.

Target Protein

Growth hormone receptor GHR

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 31939485
Lal RA, Hoffman AR: Perspectives on long-acting growth hormone therapy in children and adults. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Nov-Dec;63(6):601-607. doi: 10.20945/2359-3997000000190.
PMID: 20020365
Bidlingmaier M, Strasburger CJ: Growth hormone. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2010;(195):187-200. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-79088-4_8.
PMID: 26421979
Carter-Su C, Schwartz J, Argetsinger LS: Growth hormone signaling pathways. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2016 Jun;28:11-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ghir.2015.09.002. Epub 2015 Sep 10.

Link

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 6 • International brands: 1

Produk

Ngenla

Injection, solution • 24 mg/1.2ml • Subcutaneous • EU • Approved
Ngenla

Injection, solution • 60 mg/1.2ml • Subcutaneous • EU • Approved
Ngenla

Solution • 20 mg / mL • Subcutaneous • Canada • Approved
Ngenla

Solution • 50 mg / mL • Subcutaneous • Canada • Approved
Ngenla

Injection, solution • 24 mg/1.2mL • Subcutaneous • US • Approved
Ngenla

Injection, solution • 60 mg/1.2mL • Subcutaneous • US • Approved

International Brands

Ngenla — Pfizer, Inc.

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.