Peringatan Keamanan

Ferric pyrophosphate was showed to be clastogenic in the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay in presence of metabolic activation. It was not showed to have mutagenic or fertility effects and its carcinogenic potential have not been studied yet.^{FDA label}

Ferric pyrophosphate citrate

DB13995

small molecule approved investigational

Deskripsi

Ferric pyrophosphate citrate is a soluble iron replacement product. Free iron presents several side effects as it can catalyze free radical formation and lipid peroxidation as well as the presence of interactions of iron in plasma. The ferric ion is strongly complexed by pyrophosphate and citrate.^A31979 FPC is categorized in Japan as a second class OTC drug.^L1420 This category is given to drugs with ingredients that in rare cases may cause health problems requiring hospitalization or worst.^L1419 It is also FDA approved since 2015.^{FDA label}

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 1321.571

Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The half-life of ferric pyrophosphate is 1.48 hours.[A31994]

Volume Distribusi The apparent volume of distribution of ferric pyrophosphate after 4 hours of intravenous administration ranged from 0.765 to 0.859 L.[FDA label]

Klirens (Clearance) The mean clearance rate of ferric pyrophosphate can range between 0.406 to 0.556 L/hour.[A31994]

Absorpsi

The results of the present studies show that ferric pyrophosphate is as well absorbed in adults. The absorption of iron depends upon the route of entry. Ferric pyrophosphate has a very high bioavailability of 83-94%.^A31991 The AUC and Cmax have a dose-dependent pharmacokinetic response, being of 675-1840 mcg.h/dL and 113-261 mcg/dL respectively when given in a dose from 2.5 to 10 mg. The time to reach maximum dose is approximate 4.5 hours.^A31994

Metabolisme

Metabolism of ferric pyrophosphate resembles physiological processing of iron delivered into circulation after absorption by the gut. This is suggested due to the direct ability to trigger iron transfer to transferrin, between transferrin molecules and between transferrin and ferritin without the need of prior metabolism by the reticuloendothelial system.^A31979

Rute Eliminasi

After metabolism as endogenous iron, the excretion of ferric pyrophosphate follows the same pattern. In the body, iron is retained and in the absence of bleeding the excretion is very small. Most of the iron is absorbed in the gut and does not reach the feces. The excretion of iron can be done in urine, feces, sweat, hair, and nails.T118

Interaksi Obat

38 Data

Magnesium oxide	Magnesium oxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Aluminum hydroxide	Aluminum hydroxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Magnesium hydroxide	Magnesium hydroxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Magnesium trisilicate	Magnesium trisilicate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Magnesium carbonate	Magnesium carbonate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Magnesium silicate	Magnesium silicate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Aluminium acetoacetate	Aluminium acetoacetate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Magnesium peroxide	Magnesium peroxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Aluminium glycinate	Aluminium glycinate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Nitroprusside	Nitroprusside can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Iron Dextran	Iron Dextran can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Iron	Iron can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferumoxytol	Ferumoxytol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Prussian blue	Prussian blue can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferric carboxymaltose	Ferric carboxymaltose can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Iron sucrose	Iron sucrose can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferric pyrophosphate	Ferric pyrophosphate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferric ammonium citrate	Ferric ammonium citrate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferumoxsil	Ferumoxsil can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferumoxides	Ferumoxides can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferric sulfate	Ferric sulfate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferrous bisglycinate	Ferrous bisglycinate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Gleptoferron	Gleptoferron can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferric oxide	Ferric oxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Perflubutane	Perflubutane can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferrous sulfate anhydrous	Ferrous sulfate anhydrous can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Sodium feredetate	Sodium feredetate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferric hydroxide	Ferric hydroxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferrous chloride	Ferrous chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferric cation	Ferric cation can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferrous gluconate	Ferrous gluconate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferrous succinate	Ferrous succinate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferrous fumarate	Ferrous fumarate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate	Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferric oxyhydroxide	Ferric oxyhydroxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferric maltol	Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Iron isomaltoside 1000	Iron isomaltoside 1000 can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Iron polymaltose	Iron polymaltose can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric pyrophosphate citrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.

Target Protein

Ferritin light chain FTL

Ferritin heavy chain FTH1

Hemoglobin subunit alpha HBA1

Hemoglobin subunit beta HBB

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 10231452
Gupta A, Amin NB, Besarab A, Vogel SE, Divine GW, Yee J, Anandan JV: Dialysate iron therapy: infusion of soluble ferric pyrophosphate via the dialysate during hemodialysis. Kidney Int. 1999 May;55(5):1891-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00436.x.
PMID: 22942439
Naigamwalla DZ, Webb JA, Giger U: Iron deficiency anemia. Can Vet J. 2012 Mar;53(3):250-6.
PMID: 14748943
Fidler MC, Walczyk T, Davidsson L, Zeder C, Sakaguchi N, Juneja LR, Hurrell RF: A micronised, dispersible ferric pyrophosphate with high relative bioavailability in man. Br J Nutr. 2004 Jan;91(1):107-12.
PMID: 27557937
Pratt RD, Swinkels DW, Ikizler TA, Gupta A: Pharmacokinetics of Ferric Pyrophosphate Citrate, a Novel Iron Salt, Administered Intravenously to Healthy Volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 2017 Mar;57(3):312-320. doi: 10.1002/jcph.819. Epub 2016 Oct 3.

Textbook

Underwood E. (1977). Trace elements in human and animal nutrition (4th ed.). Academic press.

Link

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 8 • International brands: 1

Produk

Triferic

Powder • 272 mg/272mg • Parenteral • US • Approved
Triferic

Solution • 272 mg/50mL • Hemodialysis; Intravenous • US • Approved
Triferic

Solution • 5.44 mg/1mL • Hemodialysis • US • Approved
Triferic

Powder • 272 mg/1 • Intravenous • US • Approved
Triferic AVNU

Solution • 1.5 mg / mL • Intravenous • Canada • Approved
Triferic AVNU

Solution • 1.5 mg/1mL • Intravenous • US • Approved
Triferic AVNU

Solution • 1.5 mg/1mL • Intravenous • US • Approved
Triferic Solution for Hemodialysis

Solution • 1.5 mg/1mL • Intravenous • US • Approved

International Brands

Incremin — Pfizer

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.