ED50: 4 (mg antivenin/mg venom)FDA label
Most common adverse reactions (incidence ?5% of subjects) are urticaria, rash nausea, pruritus, and back pain FDA Label.
Severe hypersensitivity reactions may occur with the use of CROFAB. In case of acute hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions, discontinue infusion and institute appropriate emergency treatment FDA Label.
CROFAB contains purified immunoglobulin fragments from the blood of sheep that have been immunized with snake venoms. Injection of heterologous animal proteins can lead to severe acute and delayed hypersensitivity reactions (late serum reaction or serum sickness) and a possible febrile (fever) response to immune complexes formed by animal antibodies and neutralized venom components FDA label.
The papain enzyme is used to cleave antibodies into fragments during the processing of CROFAB, and negligible amounts of papain or inactivated papain residues may be present. Patients allergic to papain, chymopapain, other papaya extracts, or the pineapple enzyme, bromelain, may also have an allergic reaction to CROFAB. Certain dust mite allergens and some latex allergens share antigenic structures with papain and patients with these allergies may be allergic to papain FDA Label.
Agkistrodon piscivorus antivenin is derived and purified immunoglobulin fragments obtained from other domestic animals such as sheep previously immunized with Agkistrodon piscivorus (Cottonmouth or Water Moccasin snake). The final purified antivenin product is obtained by mixing other different monospecific snake antivenins and isolating the antivenin of interest through fractionation and chromatography techniques. It is intravenously (IV) administered to limit/prevent systemic toxicity FDA label.
Approximately 99% of all venomous snake bites in the United States are caused by Crotalidae, also known as pit vipers. In North America, members of the family Crotalidae belong to three genera: the rattlesnakes (Crotalus and Sistrurus spp.) and the copperheads and cottonmouth water moccasins (Agkistrodon spp.) L2891.
The cottonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus, is a large, venomous snake in the pit viper subfamily (Crotalinae). As the only semi-aquatic viper species, cottonmouth snakes are strong swimmers and are frequently found in or near water L2888.
This species of snake is endemic to the United States. The cottonmouth habitat range extends from southeastern Virginia (near the junction of the Appomattox and James rivers) to southern Florida, west to central Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri, and southeastern Kansas, and north in the middle Mississippi River drainage to southern Illinois L2893.
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.