Peringatan Keamanan

Patients sensitive to antivenin or horse serum may develop anaphylaxis FDA Label. Therefore, it is essential that prior to any antivenin administration a proper skin test be performed, interpreted, and therapy modified if indicated FDA Label. Anaphylaxis seen with antivenins of equine origin may result in an immediate reaction (shock) usually occurring within 30 minutes FDA Label. Signs and symptoms may develop before the needle of administration is even withdrawn from the patient and can include apprehension, flushing, itching, urticaria; edema of the face, tongue, and throat; cough, dyspnea, cyanosis, vomiting, collapse, and possibly even cardiac arrest or death FDA Label.

Constant attendance and observation for untoward response is mandatory whenever horse serum is administered intravenously so that, should such occur, injection may be discontinued and appropriate treatment instituted immediately FDA Label.

Even if it is appropriate for a patient to be administered the antivenin, the most common adverse reactions observed after treatment with the agent has been anaphylaxis and serum sickness, vomiting, and abdominal pain FDA Label.

LD50 values are available for animal models such as the rat, in which the oral LD50 is documented to be 317 mg/kg and the dermal LD50 as 525 mg/kg MSDS.

Coral snake (micrurus fulvius) immune globulin antivenin (equine)

DB13883

biotech approved experimental

Deskripsi

North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) is a horse-derived antivenin indicated for the treatment of envenomation caused by North American coral snake bites. It is intravenously administered so that the antivenin binds to and neutralizes coral snake venom.

The antivenin is a refined, concentrated, and lyophilized preparation of serum globulins obtained by fractionating blood from healthy horses that have been immunized with eastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius fulvius) venom FDA Label. Prior to lyophilization, the product contains 0.25% phenol and 0.005% thiomerosal (mercury derivative) FDA Label.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Struktur tidak tersedia

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The formal prescribing information for this antivenin describes itself as a preparation containing serum golbulins [FDA Label, L2176] obtained from the fractionated blood of health horses immunized with the necessary venom. If the term 'serum globulins' is taken to mean that this antivenin consists of whole IgG immunoglobulin molecules, then various reviews of antibody preparations suggest that such equine IgG formulations demonstrate an intermediate distribution half-life ranging from 5.22 +/- 0.98 hours to 5.98 +/- 0.67 hours and an elimination half-life ranging from 42.66 +/- 2.04 hours to 46.4 +/- 4.8 hours in a rabbit model [A32480].
Volume Distribusi The formal prescribing information for this antivenin describes itself as a preparation containing serum golbulins [FDA Label, L2176] obtained from the fractionated blood of health horses immunized with the necessary venom. If the term 'serum globulins' is taken to mean that this antivenin consists of whole IgG immunoglobulin molecules, then various reviews of antibody preparations suggest that such equine IgG antivenoms generally demonstrate a lower volume of distribution in comparison to antivenoms comprised of Fab or F(ab')2 fragments and has been known to potentially exist within the range of 162 +/- 1.9 mL/kg in a rabbit model [A32480].
Klirens (Clearance) The formal prescribing information for this antivenin describes itself as a preparation containing serum golbulins [FDA Label, L2176] obtained from the fractionated blood of health horses immunized with the necessary venom. If the term 'serum globulins' is taken to mean that this antivenin consists of whole IgG immunoglobulin molecules, then various reviews of antibody preparations suggest that such equine IgG formulations demonstrate a rate of clearance ranging anywhere from 0.36 +/- 0.06 mL/h/kg to 5.46 +/ 0.6 mL/h/kg [A32480].

Absorpsi

As the antivenin is essentially an emergency antivenom medication that is administered intravenously in hopes of eliciting an as immediate as possible coral snake venom neutralization in a patient's bloodstream, it is generally assumed that the emergency injection is absorbed entirely.

Metabolisme

The formal prescribing information for this antivenin describes itself as a preparation containing serum golbulins FDA Label, L2176 obtained from the fractionated blood of health horses immunized with the necessary venom. If the term 'serum globulins' is taken to mean that this antivenin consists of whole IgG immunoglobulin molecules, then various reviews of antibody preparations suggest that such IgG components undergo much catabolism at the gut and liver in a mouse model A32480. Any such IgG molecules with intact carbohydrate containing Fc portions may also experience carbohydrate-specific uptake mechanisms associated with mononuclear phagocyte activity in the liver and other organs A32480. Additionally, although it has been observed that the liver and spleen demonstrate the highest IgG catabolism activity in the rat model on a weight basis, in terms of total catabolism, the peripheral tissues, skin, and muscle play the dominant role, indicating that the catabolism of antibodies may occur all throughout the body system A32480.

Rute Eliminasi

The formal prescribing information for this antivenin describes itself as a preparation containing serum golbulins FDA Label, L2176 obtained from the fractionated blood of health horses immunized with the necessary venom. If the term 'serum globulins' is taken to mean that this antivenin consists of whole IgG immunoglobulin molecules, then various reviews of antibody preparations suggest that such IgG containing formulations may have the majority of its IgG components eliminated mainly via extrarenal mechanisms A32480.

Interaksi Obat

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Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 12846594
    Gutierrez JM, Leon G, Lomonte B: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of immunoglobulin therapy for envenomation. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2003;42(8):721-41. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200342080-00002.
  • PMID: 10463678
    Leon G, Stiles B, Alape A, Rojas G, Gutierrez JM: Comparative study on the ability of IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms to neutralize lethal and myotoxic effects induced by Micrurus nigrocinctus (coral snake) venom. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999 Aug;61(2):266-71.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 2 • International brands: 0
Produk
  • Antivenin (micrurus Fulvius)
    Injection, powder, for solution • 1 g/10mL • Intravenous • US • Approved
  • North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine)
    Injection, powder, for solution • 250 [arb'U]/10mL • Intravenous • US • Approved

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