Peringatan Keamanan

The acute subcutaneous LD50 of structurally-related nicotinamide and nicotinic acid in rats were 1.68 and 5.0 g/kg bw, respectively ^F63. In humans, oral ingestion of 3-9 g of nicotinic acid per day resulted in "niacin hepatitis", gout, and impaired glucose intolerance within a short period of time ^F63.

Methyl nicotinate

DB13882

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Methyl nicotinate is the methyl ester of DB00627 that is used as an active ingredient as a rubefacient in over-the-counter topical preparations indicated for muscle and joint pain. The action of methyl nicotinate as a rubefacient is thought to involve peripheral vasodilation. For veterinary purposes, methyl nicotinate is used to treat respiratory diseases, vascular disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, and muscle and joint pains ^F64.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 137.136

Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) _In vitro_, the half-life of methyl nicotinate in the dermis was 3 to 10 minutes [A33028].

Volume Distribusi According to the animal studies, nicotinic acid is mainly concentrated in the liver, kidneys, and adipose tissue [F64].

Klirens (Clearance) No pharmacokinetic data available.

Absorpsi

The presence of methyl group facilitates the penetration of methyl nicotinate through the skin with good lipophilicity, allowing rapid absorption following topical administration ^F64. In vitro, about 80-90% of the polar compounds methyl nicotinate rapidly penetrated the skin ^F64. It was demonstrated in excised skin of hairless mice that methyl nicotinate can effectively bypass the stratum corneum layer of the skin ^F64. In humans, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide were shown to be rapidly absorbed from the stomach and intestine via a sodium carrier-mediated mechanism at low concentrations ^F64.

Metabolisme

Methyl nicotinate undergoes ester hydrolysis to form nicotinic acid and methanol ^F64. The hydrolysis is thought to be mediated by nonspecific ?-naphthylacetate-esterase at the dermis layer of the skin ^A33027.

Rute Eliminasi

Following epicutaneous administration of small radiolabelled dose of methyl nicotinate in human volunteers, approximately 15% of the dose was recovered in the urine within 108 hours after treatment ^F63. The excretion of nicotinic acid mainly takes place in the kidneys ^F63.

Interaksi Obat

0 Data

Tidak ada data.

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 14550884
Muller B, Kasper M, Surber C, Imanidis G: Permeation, metabolism and site of action concentration of nicotinic acid derivatives in human skin. Correlation with topical pharmacological effect. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2003 Oct;20(2):181-95.
PMID: 2317445
Roskos KV, Bircher AJ, Maibach HI, Guy RH: Pharmacodynamic measurements of methyl nicotinate percutaneous absorption: the effect of aging on microcirculation. Br J Dermatol. 1990 Feb;122(2):165-71.

Attachment

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 11 • International brands: 0

Produk

Arth Arrest

Cream • - • Topical • US • OTC
Arth RX Topical Analgesic

Lotion • - • Topical • US • OTC
Arthricare for Women Multi-action

Cream • - • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
Arthricare for Women Nighttime

Cream • - • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
Arthricare Pain Relieving Rub Triple Medicated Gel

Gel • - • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
Biobalsam

Cream • - • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
Decontractyl Baume

Ointment • - • Topical • Canada • Approved
Midalgan

Ointment • - • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved

Menampilkan 8 dari 11 produk.

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.