Peringatan Keamanan

Overdosage with calcium resulting in excessively high levels of calcium in the blood known as hypercalcemia can cause renal insufficiency, vascular and soft tissue calcification, hypercalciuria, and kidney stones L2769.

Calcium levulinate

DB13800

small molecule approved experimental

Deskripsi

The relatively new calcium levulinate is produced from a direct reaction between L- or levulinic acid levulose and calcium hydroxide L2765. The resultant calcium levulinate formulation, when used as a calcium supplement, possesses a high calcium content that is observed to be 14.8% higher than the content typically found in calcium lactate L2765. This formulation is considered a low molecular weight organic calcium ion type that is easily absorbed through the intestinal wall L2765.

This new application of calcium is intended for use as a food fortifier, to fortify foods like sauces, condiments, beer, beverages, soft drinks, milk and milk products, soy milk and soy products with calcium nutrition L2765. Calcium levulinate can be used alone, or with calcium lactate, calcium chloride, and other compounds, either for pharmaceutical tablets, capsules, or injections preparation L2765.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 270.294
Wujud -

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Readily accessible data regarding the half-life of calcium levulinate is not available.
Volume Distribusi 99% of the body's calcium supply is stored in the bones and teeth where it supports their structure and function [L2769]. Elsewhere, 1% or less of this calcium supply is used for essential metabolic functions like vascular contraction and vasodilation, muscle function, nerve transmission, intracellular signaling, and hormonal secretion, among other activities [L2769].
Klirens (Clearance) Despite inter-individual differences, general clinical lab tests list some reference calcium clearance values as being considered a 'normal range', like urine calcium as approximately < 250 mg/24 h [F69].

Absorpsi

General calcium absorption occurs primarily in the duodenum by an active transcellular and saturable system, which is stimulated and regulated by 1,25(OH)2D,25 and through a passive and vitamin D-independent paracellular transport in the jejunum and ileum, and even in the colon - where absorption is only about 4% even when the intake is high A33038. Ultimately, calcium absorption depends mainly on the amount of intake - in general, absorption increases at lower intakes and decreases at high intakes A33038. Readily accessible data regarding the specific absorption of calcium levulinate is not available although the formulation is considered a low molecular weight organic calcium ion type that is easily absorbed through the intestinal wall L2765.

Metabolisme

Although calcium levulinate dissociates into absorbable calcium ion once it is administered into the body, there have been studies to suggest that the levulinate component is metabolized to 4-hydroxypentanoate - a compound that has similar pharmacologic effects as but at a lower level of potency than the 'date rape' drug gamma-hydroxybutyrate F68.

Rute Eliminasi

Calcium leaves the body mainly in urine and feces, but also in other body tissues and fluids, like sweat L2771. Overall, a typical daily calcium loss for a healthy adult man or woman via renal excretion is approximately 5 mmol/day L2771 while endogenous fecal calcium losses are about 2.1 mg/kg per day in adults and about 1.4 mg/kg per day in children L2771.

Interaksi Obat

184 Data
Ceftriaxone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Calcium levulinate is combined with Ceftriaxone.
Dobutamine The therapeutic efficacy of Dobutamine can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Calcium acetate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Calcium levulinate is combined with Calcium acetate.
Digoxin Calcium levulinate may increase the arrhythmogenic and cardiotoxic activities of Digoxin.
Acetyldigitoxin Calcium levulinate may increase the arrhythmogenic and cardiotoxic activities of Acetyldigitoxin.
Deslanoside Calcium levulinate may increase the arrhythmogenic and cardiotoxic activities of Deslanoside.
Ouabain Calcium levulinate may increase the arrhythmogenic and cardiotoxic activities of Ouabain.
Digitoxin Calcium levulinate may increase the arrhythmogenic and cardiotoxic activities of Digitoxin.
Oleandrin Calcium levulinate may increase the arrhythmogenic and cardiotoxic activities of Oleandrin.
Cymarin Calcium levulinate may increase the arrhythmogenic and cardiotoxic activities of Cymarin.
Proscillaridin Calcium levulinate may increase the arrhythmogenic and cardiotoxic activities of Proscillaridin.
Metildigoxin Calcium levulinate may increase the arrhythmogenic and cardiotoxic activities of Metildigoxin.
Lanatoside C Calcium levulinate may increase the arrhythmogenic and cardiotoxic activities of Lanatoside C.
Gitoformate Calcium levulinate may increase the arrhythmogenic and cardiotoxic activities of Gitoformate.
Acetyldigoxin Calcium levulinate may increase the arrhythmogenic and cardiotoxic activities of Acetyldigoxin.
Peruvoside Calcium levulinate may increase the arrhythmogenic and cardiotoxic activities of Peruvoside.
Doxycycline The serum concentration of Doxycycline can be decreased when it is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Lymecycline The serum concentration of Lymecycline can be decreased when it is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Clomocycline The serum concentration of Clomocycline can be decreased when it is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Oxytetracycline The serum concentration of Oxytetracycline can be decreased when it is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Demeclocycline The serum concentration of Demeclocycline can be decreased when it is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Tetracycline The serum concentration of Tetracycline can be decreased when it is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Metacycline The serum concentration of Metacycline can be decreased when it is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Minocycline The serum concentration of Minocycline can be decreased when it is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Sarecycline The serum concentration of Sarecycline can be decreased when it is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Omadacycline The serum concentration of Omadacycline can be decreased when it is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Penimepicycline The serum concentration of Penimepicycline can be decreased when it is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Methyclothiazide Methyclothiazide may decrease the excretion rate of Calcium levulinate which could result in a higher serum level.
Chlorthalidone Chlorthalidone may decrease the excretion rate of Calcium levulinate which could result in a higher serum level.
Bendroflumethiazide Bendroflumethiazide may decrease the excretion rate of Calcium levulinate which could result in a higher serum level.
Metolazone Metolazone may decrease the excretion rate of Calcium levulinate which could result in a higher serum level.
Benzthiazide Benzthiazide may decrease the excretion rate of Calcium levulinate which could result in a higher serum level.
Hydroflumethiazide Hydroflumethiazide may decrease the excretion rate of Calcium levulinate which could result in a higher serum level.
Indapamide Indapamide may decrease the excretion rate of Calcium levulinate which could result in a higher serum level.
Chlorothiazide Chlorothiazide may decrease the excretion rate of Calcium levulinate which could result in a higher serum level.
Hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide may decrease the excretion rate of Calcium levulinate which could result in a higher serum level.
Trichlormethiazide Trichlormethiazide may decrease the excretion rate of Calcium levulinate which could result in a higher serum level.
Polythiazide Polythiazide may decrease the excretion rate of Calcium levulinate which could result in a higher serum level.
Quinethazone Quinethazone may decrease the excretion rate of Calcium levulinate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cyclopenthiazide Cyclopenthiazide may decrease the excretion rate of Calcium levulinate which could result in a higher serum level.
Epitizide Epitizide may decrease the excretion rate of Calcium levulinate which could result in a higher serum level.
Calcitriol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Calcitriol is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Calcifediol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Calcifediol is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Ergocalciferol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ergocalciferol is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Cholecalciferol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cholecalciferol is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Paricalcitol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Paricalcitol is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Dihydrotachysterol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dihydrotachysterol is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Alfacalcidol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alfacalcidol is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Calcipotriol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Calcipotriol is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Seocalcitol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Seocalcitol is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Inecalcitol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Inecalcitol is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Becocalcidiol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Becocalcidiol is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Eldecalcitol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Eldecalcitol is combined with Calcium levulinate.
1alpha,24S-Dihydroxyvitamin D2 The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when 1alpha,24S-Dihydroxyvitamin D2 is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Elocalcitol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Elocalcitol is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Maxacalcitol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Maxacalcitol is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Doxercalciferol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Doxercalciferol is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Vitamin D The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Vitamin D is combined with Calcium levulinate.
1alpha-Hydroxyvitamin D5 The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when 1alpha-Hydroxyvitamin D5 is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Tacalcitol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tacalcitol is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Previtamin D(3) The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Previtamin D(3) is combined with Calcium levulinate.
Isradipine The therapeutic efficacy of Isradipine can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Diltiazem The therapeutic efficacy of Diltiazem can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Trimethadione The therapeutic efficacy of Trimethadione can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Amlodipine The therapeutic efficacy of Amlodipine can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Nimodipine The therapeutic efficacy of Nimodipine can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Nisoldipine The therapeutic efficacy of Nisoldipine can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Lercanidipine The therapeutic efficacy of Lercanidipine can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Cinnarizine The therapeutic efficacy of Cinnarizine can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Ethosuximide The therapeutic efficacy of Ethosuximide can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Nicardipine The therapeutic efficacy of Nicardipine can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Magnesium sulfate The therapeutic efficacy of Magnesium sulfate can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Verapamil The therapeutic efficacy of Verapamil can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Zonisamide The therapeutic efficacy of Zonisamide can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Felodipine The therapeutic efficacy of Felodipine can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Nitrendipine The therapeutic efficacy of Nitrendipine can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Perhexiline The therapeutic efficacy of Perhexiline can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Nifedipine The therapeutic efficacy of Nifedipine can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Amiodarone The therapeutic efficacy of Amiodarone can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Carvedilol The therapeutic efficacy of Carvedilol can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Bepridil The therapeutic efficacy of Bepridil can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Mibefradil The therapeutic efficacy of Mibefradil can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Nimesulide The therapeutic efficacy of Nimesulide can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Prenylamine The therapeutic efficacy of Prenylamine can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Cyclandelate The therapeutic efficacy of Cyclandelate can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Flunarizine The therapeutic efficacy of Flunarizine can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Fluspirilene The therapeutic efficacy of Fluspirilene can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Clevidipine The therapeutic efficacy of Clevidipine can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Methsuximide The therapeutic efficacy of Methsuximide can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Seletracetam The therapeutic efficacy of Seletracetam can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Nylidrin The therapeutic efficacy of Nylidrin can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Ziconotide The therapeutic efficacy of Ziconotide can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Dotarizine The therapeutic efficacy of Dotarizine can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Xylometazoline The therapeutic efficacy of Xylometazoline can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Nilvadipine The therapeutic efficacy of Nilvadipine can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Tranilast The therapeutic efficacy of Tranilast can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Fasudil The therapeutic efficacy of Fasudil can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Agmatine The therapeutic efficacy of Agmatine can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Fendiline The therapeutic efficacy of Fendiline can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.
Eperisone The therapeutic efficacy of Eperisone can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium levulinate.

Target Protein

Calsequestrin-1 CASQ1
Calretinin CALB2
Calmodulin CALM1

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 24422133
    Burckhardt P: Calcium revisited: part I. Bonekey Rep. 2013 Oct 16;2:433. doi: 10.1038/bonekey.2013.167.
  • PMID: 22453954
    Yanez M, Gil-Longo J, Campos-Toimil M: Calcium binding proteins. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2012;740:461-82. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_19.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 1 • International brands: 0
Produk
  • Calcium Inj
    Liquid • - • Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous • Canada • Approved

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

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