Peringatan Keamanan

Consumption of high doses of inositol is reported to only cause some gastrointestinal effects.A32811

Inositol

DB13178

small molecule approved investigational withdrawn

Deskripsi

Inositol is a collection of nine different stereoisomers but the name is usually used to describe only the most common type of inositol, myo-inositol. Myo-inositol is the cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-cyclohexanehexol and it is prepared from an aqueous extract of corn kernels by precipitation and hydrolysis of crude phytate. These molecules have structural similarities to glucose and are involved in cellular signaling. It is considered a pseudovitamin as it is a molecule that does not qualify to be an essential vitamin because even though its presence is vital in the body, a deficiency in this molecule does not translate into disease conditions.L2560 Inositol can be found as an ingredient of OTC products by Health Canada but all current product whose main ingredient is inositol are discontinued.L1113 By the FDA, inositol is considered in the list of specific substances affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).L2561

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 180.1559
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The pharmacokinetic profile of inositol was studied in preterm infants and the estimated elimination half-life was reported to be of 5.22 hours.[A32802]
Volume Distribusi The pharmacokinetic profile of inositol was studied in preterm infants and the estimated volume of distribution was reported to be 0.5115 L/kg.[A32802]
Klirens (Clearance) The pharmacokinetic profile of inositol was studied in preterm infants and the estimated clearance rate was reported to be 0.0679 L.kg/h.[A32802]

Absorpsi

Inositol is absorbed from the small intestine.T184 In patients with inositol deficiency, the maximal plasma concentration after oral administration of inositol is registered to be of 4 hours.A32803 Inositol is taken up by the tissues via sodium-dependent inositol co-transporter which also mediates glucose uptake.A32804 Oral ingestion of inositol is registered to generate a maximal plasma concentration of 36-45 mcg.A32805

Metabolisme

It is thought that inositol is metabolized to phosphoinositol and then converted to phosphatylinositol-4,5-biphosphate which is a precursor of the second-messenger molecules.T184 Inositol can be transformed to D-chiro-inositol via the actions of an epimerase. The normal modifications to inositol structure seem to be between all the different isomers.A32806

Rute Eliminasi

Most of the administered dose is excreted in urine.A32809

Interaksi Obat

714 Data
Cyclosporine Cyclosporine may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Icosapent Icosapent may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotiam Cefotiam may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Mesalazine Mesalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefmenoxime Cefmenoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefmetazole Cefmetazole may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Pamidronic acid Pamidronic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Tenofovir disoproxil Tenofovir disoproxil may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Indomethacin Indomethacin may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cidofovir Cidofovir may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefpiramide Cefpiramide may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftazidime Ceftazidime may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Loracarbef Loracarbef may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefalotin Cefalotin may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Nabumetone Nabumetone may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Ketorolac Ketorolac may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Tenoxicam Tenoxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Celecoxib Celecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotaxime Cefotaxime may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Tolmetin Tolmetin may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Foscarnet Foscarnet may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Rofecoxib Rofecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Piroxicam Piroxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Methotrexate Methotrexate may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephalexin Cephalexin may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Fenoprofen Fenoprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Valaciclovir Valaciclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Valdecoxib Valdecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Diclofenac Diclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Sulindac Sulindac may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Bacitracin Bacitracin may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Amphotericin B Amphotericin B may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephaloglycin Cephaloglycin may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Adefovir dipivoxil Adefovir dipivoxil may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Pentamidine Pentamidine may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Etodolac Etodolac may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Mefenamic acid Mefenamic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Acyclovir Acyclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Naproxen Naproxen may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Meloxicam Meloxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Carprofen Carprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefaclor Cefaclor may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Diflunisal Diflunisal may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Tacrolimus Tacrolimus may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceforanide Ceforanide may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Salicylic acid Salicylic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Acetylsalicylic acid Acetylsalicylic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Carboplatin Carboplatin may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Oxaprozin Oxaprozin may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Ketoprofen Ketoprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Balsalazide Balsalazide may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Ibuprofen Ibuprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefditoren Cefditoren may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Atazanavir Atazanavir may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Colistimethate Colistimethate may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefuroxime Cefuroxime may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefapirin Cefapirin may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefadroxil Cefadroxil may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefprozil Cefprozil may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftriaxone Ceftriaxone may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Olsalazine Olsalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Lumiracoxib Lumiracoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefamandole Cefamandole may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefazolin Cefazolin may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefonicid Cefonicid may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefoperazone Cefoperazone may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotetan Cefotetan may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefoxitin Cefoxitin may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftizoxime Ceftizoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefradine Cefradine may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Magnesium salicylate Magnesium salicylate may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Salsalate Salsalate may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Choline magnesium trisalicylate Choline magnesium trisalicylate may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefepime Cefepime may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefacetrile Cefacetrile may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftibuten Ceftibuten may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefpodoxime Cefpodoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Antrafenine Antrafenine may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Aminophenazone Aminophenazone may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Antipyrine Antipyrine may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Tiaprofenic acid Tiaprofenic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Lopinavir Lopinavir may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Etoricoxib Etoricoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Hydrolyzed Cephalothin Hydrolyzed Cephalothin may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephalothin Group Cephalothin Group may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Latamoxef Latamoxef may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Nimesulide Nimesulide may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Benoxaprofen Benoxaprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Metamizole Metamizole may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Zomepirac Zomepirac may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftobiprole Ceftobiprole may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Cimicoxib Cimicoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftaroline fosamil Ceftaroline fosamil may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Lornoxicam Lornoxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.
Aceclofenac Aceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Inositol which could result in a higher serum level.

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 25010620
    Bizzarri M, Carlomagno G: Inositol: history of an effective therapy for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014 Jul;18(13):1896-903.
  • PMID: 27213831
    Werner EF, Froehlich RJ: The Potential Role for Myoinositol in the Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Am J Perinatol. 2016 Nov;33(13):1236-1241. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1584273. Epub 2016 May 23.
  • PMID: 20436797
    Sam S: Obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Obes Manag. 2007 Apr;3(2):69-73. doi: 10.1089/obe.2007.0019.
  • PMID: 18074942
    Gerli S, Papaleo E, Ferrari A, Di Renzo GC: Randomized, double blind placebo-controlled trial: effects of myo-inositol on ovarian function and metabolic factors in women with PCOS. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2007 Sep-Oct;11(5):347-54.
  • PMID: 7359221
    Andersen DB, Holub BJ: The relative response of hepatic lipids in the rat to graded levels of dietary myo-inositol and other lipotropes. J Nutr. 1980 Mar;110(3):496-504. doi: 10.1093/jn/110.3.496.
  • PMID: 18816828
    Rango M, Cogiamanian F, Marceglia S, Barberis B, Arighi A, Biondetti P, Priori A: Myoinositol content in the human brain is modified by transcranial direct current stimulation in a matter of minutes: a 1H-MRS study. Magn Reson Med. 2008 Oct;60(4):782-9. doi: 10.1002/mrm.21709.
  • PMID: 19336734
    Han W, Gills JJ, Memmott RM, Lam S, Dennis PA: The chemopreventive agent myoinositol inhibits Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in bronchial lesions from heavy smokers. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2009 Apr;2(4):370-6. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-08-0209. Epub 2009 Mar 31.
  • PMID: 8946442
    Ortmeyer HK: Dietary myoinositol results in lower urine glucose and in lower postprandial plasma glucose in obese insulin resistant rhesus monkeys. Obes Res. 1996 Nov;4(6):569-75.
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  • Kapalka G. (2010). Practical resources for the Mental Health Professional. Academic Press.

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