Peringatan Keamanan

Oral LD50 of >5000mg/kg in mice MSDS.

Rhein

DB13174

small molecule experimental

Deskripsi

Rhein is an anthraquinone metabolite of rheinanthrone and senna glycoside is present in many medicinal plants including Rheum palmatum, Cassia tora, Polygonum multiflorum, and Aloe barbadensis A19247. It is known to have hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and several other protective effects.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 284.2204
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: ObatTargetGenEnzim(Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi)TransporterCarrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) 4-10h [A19300].
Volume Distribusi 15-60L [A19300].
Klirens (Clearance) Total CL is 1.5 L/h and renal CL is 0.1 L/h [A19300].

Absorpsi

Tmax of 1.6-2.6 hours A19300.

Metabolisme

Metabolized primarily to rhein glucuronide and rhien sulfate A19300.

Rute Eliminasi

37% is excreted in urine and 53% in feces as estimated in rats A19250.

Interaksi Obat

505 Data
Brexpiprazole The metabolism of Brexpiprazole can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Eliglustat The metabolism of Eliglustat can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Zolmitriptan The metabolism of Zolmitriptan can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Atomoxetine The metabolism of Atomoxetine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Phenytoin The metabolism of Phenytoin can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Nevirapine The metabolism of Nevirapine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Amphetamine The metabolism of Amphetamine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Cevimeline The metabolism of Cevimeline can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Esmolol The metabolism of Esmolol can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Sildenafil The metabolism of Sildenafil can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Ticlopidine The metabolism of Ticlopidine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Citalopram The metabolism of Citalopram can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Eletriptan The metabolism of Eletriptan can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Ranolazine The metabolism of Ranolazine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Benzatropine The metabolism of Benzatropine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Metoprolol The metabolism of Metoprolol can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Venlafaxine The metabolism of Venlafaxine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Bupivacaine The metabolism of Bupivacaine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Gefitinib The metabolism of Gefitinib can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Codeine The metabolism of Codeine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Methadone The metabolism of Methadone can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Atenolol The metabolism of Atenolol can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Terfenadine The metabolism of Terfenadine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Diltiazem The metabolism of Diltiazem can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Palonosetron The metabolism of Palonosetron can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Progesterone The metabolism of Progesterone can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Remoxipride The metabolism of Remoxipride can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Prochlorperazine The metabolism of Prochlorperazine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Celecoxib The metabolism of Celecoxib can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Sotalol The metabolism of Sotalol can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Buspirone The metabolism of Buspirone can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Darifenacin The metabolism of Darifenacin can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Oxycodone The metabolism of Oxycodone can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Ritonavir The metabolism of Ritonavir can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Dextromethorphan The metabolism of Dextromethorphan can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Amoxapine The metabolism of Amoxapine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Lisuride The metabolism of Lisuride can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Doxazosin The metabolism of Doxazosin can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Piperazine The metabolism of Piperazine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Chloroquine The metabolism of Chloroquine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Astemizole The metabolism of Astemizole can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Simvastatin The metabolism of Simvastatin can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Dextropropoxyphene The metabolism of Dextropropoxyphene can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Trazodone The metabolism of Trazodone can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Galantamine The metabolism of Galantamine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Tamoxifen The metabolism of Tamoxifen can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Thioridazine The metabolism of Thioridazine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Nicergoline The metabolism of Nicergoline can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Amprenavir The metabolism of Amprenavir can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Delavirdine The metabolism of Delavirdine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Tamsulosin The metabolism of Tamsulosin can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Trimipramine The metabolism of Trimipramine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Nateglinide The metabolism of Nateglinide can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Risperidone The metabolism of Risperidone can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Meclizine The metabolism of Meclizine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Pentamidine The metabolism of Pentamidine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Dolasetron The metabolism of Dolasetron can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Minaprine The metabolism of Minaprine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Donepezil The metabolism of Donepezil can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Alprenolol The metabolism of Alprenolol can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Ondansetron The metabolism of Ondansetron can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Phenformin The metabolism of Phenformin can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Almotriptan The metabolism of Almotriptan can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Buprenorphine The metabolism of Buprenorphine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Tipranavir The metabolism of Tipranavir can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Mesoridazine The metabolism of Mesoridazine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Hydrocodone The metabolism of Hydrocodone can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Pindolol The metabolism of Pindolol can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Azelastine The metabolism of Azelastine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Formoterol The metabolism of Formoterol can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Methoxyflurane The metabolism of Methoxyflurane can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Procainamide The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Tolterodine The metabolism of Tolterodine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Promethazine The metabolism of Promethazine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Mequitazine The metabolism of Mequitazine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Perhexiline The metabolism of Perhexiline can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Diphenhydramine The metabolism of Diphenhydramine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Tegaserod The metabolism of Tegaserod can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Fluvastatin The metabolism of Fluvastatin can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Sertraline The metabolism of Sertraline can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Chlorpheniramine The metabolism of Chlorpheniramine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Nefazodone The metabolism of Nefazodone can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Moclobemide The metabolism of Moclobemide can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Escitalopram The metabolism of Escitalopram can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Idarubicin The metabolism of Idarubicin can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Oxymorphone The metabolism of Oxymorphone can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Acebutolol The metabolism of Acebutolol can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Flecainide The metabolism of Flecainide can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Nadolol The metabolism of Nadolol can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Quetiapine The metabolism of Quetiapine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Encainide The metabolism of Encainide can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Metoclopramide The metabolism of Metoclopramide can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Bepridil The metabolism of Bepridil can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Lisdexamfetamine The serum concentration of dextroamphetamine, an active metabolite of Lisdexamfetamine, can be increased when used in combination with Rhein.
Paliperidone The metabolism of Paliperidone can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Arformoterol The metabolism of Arformoterol can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Bevantolol The metabolism of Bevantolol can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Practolol The metabolism of Practolol can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Penbutolol The metabolism of Penbutolol can be decreased when combined with Rhein.
Yohimbine The metabolism of Yohimbine can be decreased when combined with Rhein.

Target Protein

Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha HSP90AA1
Oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha NR1H3
Oxysterols receptor LXR-beta NR1H2
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase ALOX5

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 26185519
    Zhou YX, Xia W, Yue W, Peng C, Rahman K, Zhang H: Rhein: A Review of Pharmacological Activities. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:578107. doi: 10.1155/2015/578107. Epub 2015 Jun 22.
  • PMID: 23919963
    Liu J, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zhu X, Fan Y, Shi S, Zen K, Liu Z: Rhein protects pancreatic beta-cells from dynamin-related protein-1-mediated mitochondrial fission and cell apoptosis under hyperglycemia. Diabetes. 2013 Nov;62(11):3927-35. doi: 10.2337/db13-0251. Epub 2013 Aug 6.
  • PMID: 9839088
    Nicolas P, Tod M, Padoin C, Petitjean O: Clinical pharmacokinetics of diacerein. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1998 Nov;35(5):347-59.
  • PMID: 2907037
    De Witte P, Lemli J: Excretion and distribution of 14Crhein and 14Crhein anthrone in rat. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1988 Sep;40(9):652-5.
  • PMID: 21364120
    Sheng X, Wang M, Lu M, Xi B, Sheng H, Zang YQ: Rhein ameliorates fatty liver disease through negative energy balance, hepatic lipogenic regulation, and immunomodulation in diet-induced obese mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2011 May;300(5):E886-93. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00332.2010. Epub 2011 Mar 1.
  • PMID: 12147197
    Guo MZ, Li XS, Xu HR, Mei ZC, Shen W, Ye XF: Rhein inhibits liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2002 Aug;23(8):739-44.
  • PMID: 21804209
    He D, Lee L, Yang J, Wang X: Preventive effects and mechanisms of rhein on renal interstitial fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. Biol Pharm Bull. 2011;34(8):1219-26.
  • PMID: 23953579
    Su J, Yin LP, Zhang X, Li BB, Liu L, Li H: Chronic allograft nephropathy in rats is improved by the intervention of rhein. Transplant Proc. 2013 Jul-Aug;45(6):2546-52. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.03.030.
Menampilkan 8 dari 27 artikel.

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