Peringatan Keamanan

Acute oral LD50, acute dermal LD50, and acute inhalation LD50 for 4 hours in rat are >5000 mg/kg, >2000 mg/kg, and >5.16 mg/m^3, respectively MSDS.

While individuals experiencing mild to moderate silver toxicity remain asymptomatic, chronic inhalation has been associated with mild chronic bronchitis and rare cases of exposure to large amounts of silver have been associated with symptoms of peripheral neuropathy, decreased mental status, and seizures L2853. Argyria is a detoxification mechanism for excess silver where the body sequesters and deposits excess silver in the blood vessels and connective tissue to render it in the form of silver protein complexes or silver sulphide A33141, L2853. The development of argyria through occupational exposure is reported to be a slow process L2853. While argyria does not cause significant pathological damage in any tissue A33138, heavy deposition of insoluble silver precipitates can cause discoloration or blue-grey darkening of the eyes, nasal septum, throat, skin, and other internal organs following repeated exposure L2853. Signs from prolonged intake of low doses of silver compound may include fatty degeneration of the liver and kidneys, and changes in blood cells A33141. Silver may cause metal fume fever, and colloidal silver preparations are known to exert harmful effects in humans L2853.

Silver

DB12965

small molecule approved investigational

Deskripsi

Silver (Ag) is a chemical element that belongs in the family of transition metals in the periodic table. It has a high electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity. Silver exists as a pure elemental form, alloy with other metals, and mineral. Having critical roles in various applications inducing chemical and industrial fields, silver compounds have also been used in the field of medicine for centuries due to their broad-spectrum biological actions. Silver nanoparticles especially have been widely used in industrial, household, and healthcare-related products due to their potent antimicrobial activity. DB11080 and DB05245 have been used as topical antibacterial agents for the treatment of skin infections, while DB05245 has also been valued for topical burn treatment A33141. Silver and its compounds have been used in trials studying the management of dental caries since the 1800s, and they may be found in dental pastes as an active ingredients. However, some drawbacks of dental use of silver compounds include tooth discolouration and pulp irritation A33141.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 107.8682
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: ObatTargetGenEnzim(Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi)TransporterCarrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The biological half-life for silver is a few days for animals and up to 50 days for human liver [L2853]. In humans, the biological half-life of silver in lungs has been estimated to range from 1 to 52 days [L2853].
Volume Distribusi Following exposure to large amounts, excess silver is reported to accumulate in skin, liver, kidneys, spleen, corneas, gingival, mucous membranes and nails [A33141]. In a study of rats with ligated bile ducts, deposition of silver was 48% in the liver and 2.5% in the gastrointestinal tract [L2853]. Clinical and experimental studies suggest that silver is bound as inert precipitates in lysosomal vacuoles of the blood brain barrier and blood-CSF barrier without being absorbed into neurological tissue [A33138].
Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

Although metallic silver is inert in the presence of human tissues, silver and its compounds may dissociate upon contact with skin surface, body fluids, and secretions, allowing the silver ions to be absorbed into the blood circulation A33138. Soluble silver salts are absorbed from the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. However, up to 90-99% of orally ingested silver is not absorbed and percutaneous absorption of silver ions through intact or damaged skin is also reported to be low A33138. Absorbed silver ions are deposited into elastic and connective tissues throughout the body L2853. Biologically active silver ions mainly binds to intracellular proteins as inert complexes, and readily binds and precipitates with inorganic cations like chloride and phosphate, which explains low absorption A33138.

Metabolisme

No pharmacokinetic data on metabolic pathways.

Rute Eliminasi

Silver mainly undergoes biliary elimination to be excreted as feces L2853. Findings from a rat study demonstrates that biliary excretion accounted for between 24% and 45% of total silver administered, and animal studies indicate that fecal elimination may account for up to 99% of the ingested silver L2853.

Interaksi Obat

0 Data
Tidak ada data.

Target Protein

Metallothionein MTF1
Ceruloplasmin CP
Albumin ALB
Alpha-2-macroglobulin A2M

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 21188244
    Lansdown AB: A pharmacological and toxicological profile of silver as an antimicrobial agent in medical devices. Adv Pharmacol Sci. 2010;2010:910686. doi: 10.1155/2010/910686. Epub 2010 Aug 24.
  • PMID: 27899918
    Dakal TC, Kumar A, Majumdar RS, Yadav V: Mechanistic Basis of Antimicrobial Actions of Silver Nanoparticles. Front Microbiol. 2016 Nov 16;7:1831. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01831. eCollection 2016.
  • PMID: 22484380
    Peng JJ, Botelho MG, Matinlinna JP: Silver compounds used in dentistry for caries management: a review. J Dent. 2012 Jul;40(7):531-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.03.009. Epub 2012 Apr 3.
  • PMID: 18245232
    Jung WK, Koo HC, Kim KW, Shin S, Kim SH, Park YH: Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of the silver ion in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 Apr;74(7):2171-8. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02001-07. Epub 2008 Feb 1.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 40 • International brands: 0
Produk
  • Advance Acne Care
    Kit • - • Topical • US • OTC
  • Antibacterial Hand Wash
    Solution • 0.18 mg/300mL • Topical • US • OTC
  • Antibacterial Washing Free
    Gel • 0.0005 g/100g • Topical • US • OTC
  • Argentyn 23 Professional Silver First Aid Gel
    Gel • 23 mg/1000mL • Topical • US • OTC
  • Argentyn 23 Professional Silver First Aid Gel
    Gel • 23 mg/1000mL • Topical • US • OTC
  • Argentyn 23 Professionele Eerste Hulp Zilver Gel
    Gel • 23 mg/1000mL • Topical • US • OTC
  • Argentyn 23Bio active silver Bio active silver hydrosol
    Liquid • 0.023 mg/1mL • Topical • US • OTC
  • Argentyn 23Professionele Eer Professionele Eerste Hulp Zilver Gel
    Gel • 23 mg/1000mL • Topical • US • OTC
Menampilkan 8 dari 40 produk.

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.
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