Peringatan Keamanan

The LD₅₀ is 23 g/kg in mice and >30 g/kg in rats.^L11806

Experience with acute overdosage is limited, but is likely to involve significant gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea consistent with the pharmacologic profile of lactitol. Overdosage should be managed with symptomatic and supportive measures, where necessary.^L11803

Lactitol

DB12942

small molecule approved investigational

Deskripsi

Lactitol, also known as 4-?-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucitol, is a sugar alcohol synthesized from lactose.^A190918 It is used in food manufacturing as a nutritive sweetener and is approximately 35% as sweet as table sugar (i.e. sucrose).^A190912 Clinically, lactitol has been investigated for use as an osmotic laxative and, along with other non-absorbable disaccharides such as lactulose, in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis.A190915,A190918

Pizensy, an oral lactitol powder for solution, was approved by the FDA for use in chronic idiopathic constipation in February 2020.^L11803

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 344.3124

Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The average half-life of orally administered lactitol is 2.4 hours.[L11803]

Volume Distribusi Data regarding the volume of distribution of lactitol are unavailable.

Klirens (Clearance) Data regarding the clearance of lactitol are unavailable.

Absorpsi

In healthy subjects under fed conditions, oral administration of 20 grams of lactitol resulted in a mean T_max of 3.6 ± 1.2 hours, C_max of 776 ± 253 ng/mL, and a mean AUC of 6,019 ± 1,771 ng*hr/mL.^L11803

Metabolisme

As it undergoes little-to-no systemic absorption, lactitol is unlikely to undergo any significant degree of metabolism.^L11803

Rute Eliminasi

Lactitol is not absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract to any significant extent. The vast majority of an ingested dose is likely degraded into organic acids in the colon and eliminated in the feces.^L11803

Interaksi Makanan

1 Data

1. Take with food. The manufacturer recommends administration with meals.

Interaksi Obat

413 Data

Tramadol	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Tramadol.
Trospium	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Trospium.
Oxyphenonium	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Oxyphenonium.
Benzatropine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Benzatropine.
Ziprasidone	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Ziprasidone.
Disopyramide	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Disopyramide.
Amitriptyline	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Amitriptyline.
Ipratropium	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Ipratropium.
Olanzapine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Olanzapine.
Metixene	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Metixene.
Terfenadine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Terfenadine.
Buclizine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Buclizine.
Clozapine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Clozapine.
Doxylamine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Doxylamine.
Trihexyphenidyl	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Trihexyphenidyl.
Oxyphencyclimine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Oxyphencyclimine.
Procyclidine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Procyclidine.
Profenamine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Profenamine.
Promazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Promazine.
Hyoscyamine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Hyoscyamine.
Cyproheptadine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Cyproheptadine.
Imipramine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Imipramine.
Methscopolamine bromide	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Methscopolamine bromide.
Chlorpromazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Chlorpromazine.
Gallamine triethiodide	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Gallamine triethiodide.
Darifenacin	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Darifenacin.
Tridihexethyl	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Tridihexethyl.
Triflupromazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Triflupromazine.
Anisotropine methylbromide	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Anisotropine methylbromide.
Nortriptyline	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Nortriptyline.
Amoxapine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Amoxapine.
Atropine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Atropine.
Nicardipine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Nicardipine.
Pirenzepine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Pirenzepine.
Paroxetine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Paroxetine.
Homatropine methylbromide	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Homatropine methylbromide.
Rocuronium	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Rocuronium.
Scopolamine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Scopolamine.
Benzquinamide	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Benzquinamide.
Clidinium	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Clidinium.
Propiomazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Propiomazine.
Propantheline	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Propantheline.
Dicyclomine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Dicyclomine.
Biperiden	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Biperiden.
Brompheniramine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Brompheniramine.
Flupentixol	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Flupentixol.
Cocaine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Cocaine.
Quinidine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Quinidine.
Maprotiline	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Maprotiline.
Methantheline	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Methantheline.
Cycrimine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Cycrimine.
Glycopyrronium	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Glycopyrronium.
Tolterodine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Tolterodine.
Oxybutynin	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Oxybutynin.
Promethazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Promethazine.
Diphenhydramine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Diphenhydramine.
Doxacurium	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Doxacurium.
Doxepin	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Doxepin.
Flavoxate	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Flavoxate.
Desipramine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Desipramine.
Orphenadrine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Orphenadrine.
Escitalopram	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Escitalopram.
Quetiapine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Quetiapine.
Mivacurium	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Mivacurium.
Diphenidol	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Diphenidol.
Aripiprazole	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Aripiprazole.
Chlorprothixene	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Chlorprothixene.
Metocurine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Metocurine.
Pancuronium	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Pancuronium.
Pipecuronium	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Pipecuronium.
Methotrimeprazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Methotrimeprazine.
Tiotropium	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Tiotropium.
Solifenacin	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Solifenacin.
Isopropamide	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Isopropamide.
Rapacuronium	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Rapacuronium.
Mepenzolate	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Mepenzolate.
Pizotifen	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Pizotifen.
Fesoterodine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Fesoterodine.
Hexocyclium	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Hexocyclium.
Dimetindene	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Dimetindene.
Aclidinium	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Aclidinium.
Dexetimide	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Dexetimide.
Benactyzine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Benactyzine.
Umeclidinium	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Umeclidinium.
Trimebutine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Trimebutine.
Dosulepin	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Dosulepin.
Imidafenacin	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Imidafenacin.
Butylscopolamine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Butylscopolamine.
Thonzylamine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Thonzylamine.
Methscopolamine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Methscopolamine.
Revefenacin	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Revefenacin.
Oxitropium	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Oxitropium.
Propiverine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Propiverine.
Batefenterol	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Batefenterol.
Mebeverine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Mebeverine.
Tropatepine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Tropatepine.
Prifinium	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Prifinium.
Piperidolate	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Piperidolate.
Benzilone	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Benzilone.
Difemerine	The therapeutic efficacy of Lactitol can be decreased when used in combination with Difemerine.

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: ???, ???, ???, ???, ???, ??, ???, ???, ???, ???. "Preparation of lactitol ." Chinese Patent CN101481395B, issued August 2011.

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 29132732
Mooradian AD, Smith M, Tokuda M: The role of artificial and natural sweeteners in reducing the consumption of table sugar: A narrative review. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2017 Apr;18:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.01.004. Epub 2017 Feb 4.
PMID: 27153247
Gluud LL, Vilstrup H, Morgan MY: Non-absorbable disaccharides versus placebo/no intervention and lactulose versus lactitol for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 May 6;(5):CD003044. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003044.pub4.
PMID: 17623227
Finney M, Smullen J, Foster HA, Brokx S, Storey DM: Effects of low doses of lactitol on faecal microflora, pH, short chain fatty acids and gastrointestinal symptomology. Eur J Nutr. 2007 Sep;46(6):307-14. doi: 10.1007/s00394-007-0666-7. Epub 2007 Jul 11.

Link

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 1 • International brands: 1

Produk

Pizensy

Powder, for solution • 1 g/1g • Oral • US • Approved

International Brands

Importal

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.