Side effects observed from the topical application of cantharidin include blistering, erythema, pain, bleeding, ring warts, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, lymphangitis, secondary bacterial cellulitis, scarring, and varicelliform vesicular dermatitis.A32892
Oral ingestion of cantharidin has resulted in renal failure, blistering and severe damage to the gastrointestinal tract, coagulopathy, seizures, and flaccid paralysis. In the event that YCANTH topical solution is ingested, patients should seek medical attention immediately and contact a Poison Center (1-800-222-1222) or a medical toxicologist for additional overdosage management recommendations.L47501
Carcinogenicity studies have not been conducted with cantharidin. Cantharidin was not mutagenic in a bacteria reverse mutation (Ames) assay. An in vitro chromosomal aberration assay in human lymphocytes with cantharidin was inconclusive. Cantharidin was positive in an in vitro micronucleus assay in TK6 cells, primarily through an aneugenic mechanism. The effects of cantharidin on fertility have not been evaluated.L47501
Cantharidin is a naturally occurring odorless, colorless fatty substance of the terpenoid class that is produced as an oral fluid in the alimentary canal of the male blister beetle.A32891, A32892 For its natural purpose, the male blister beetle secretes and presents the cantharidin to a female beetle as a copulatory gift during mating. Post-copulation, the female beetle places the cantharidin over her eggs as protection against any potential predators.A32891, A32892
Topical cantharidin products do not necessarily demonstrate any particular better effectiveness at treating topical skin conditions like warts than other commonly available vesicant and/or keratolytics although various studies have also investigated the possibility of using cantharidin as an inflammatory model or in cancer treatment.A32892 Regardless, the ongoing lack of FDA approval is likely related to certain toxic effects that were observed following oral ingestion, which include ulceration of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, along with electrolyte and renal function disturbance in humans and animals A32891.
Available synthetically since the 1950s, topical applications of cantharidin have been used predominantly as a treatment for cutaneous warts since that time. A32891, A32892 In 1962 however, marketers of cantharidin failed to produce sufficient efficacy data, resulting in the FDA revision of approval of cantharidin.A32892 Nevertheless, it gained its first FDA approval on Jul 21, 2023, under the brand name YCANTH™ by Verrica Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum in adult and pediatric patients.L47496 The approval was based on positive results from 2 phase III trials, CAMP-1 and CAMP-2, where 46% and 52% of patients treated with cantharidin achieved complete molluscum clearance, respectively.L47496
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.