Peringatan Keamanan

Although there is no formal data available on the use of lorlatinib in pregnant women, based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, it is believed that lorlatinib can cause embryo-fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman FDA Label.

There are no data on the presence of lorlatinib or its metabolites in either human or animal milk or its effects on the breastfed infant or on milk production FDA Label. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants, instruct women not to breastfeed during treatment with lorlatinib and for 7 days after the final dose FDA Label.

Advise female patients of reproductive potential to use effective non-hormonal contraception during treatment with lorlatinib and for at least 6 months after the final dose FDA Label. Advise females of reproductive potential to use a non-hormonal method of contraception, because lorlatinib can render hormonal contraceptives ineffective FDA Label.

Based on genotoxicity findings, advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with lorlatinib and for at least 3 months after the final dose FDA Label.

Based on findings from animal studies, use of lorlatinib may transiently impair male fertility FDA Label.

The safety and effectiveness of lorlatinib in pediatric patients have not been established FDA Label.

Of the 295 patients in Study B7461001 who received 100 mg lorlatinib orally once daily, 18% of patients were aged 65 years or older FDA Label. Although data are limited, no clinically important differences in safety or efficacy were observed between patients aged 65 years or older and younger patients FDA Label.

No dose adjustment is recommended for patients with mild hepatic impairment (total bilirubin ? upper limit of normal ULN with AST > ULN or total bilirubin >1 to 1.5 × ULN with any AST) FDA Label. The recommended dose of lorlatinib has not been established for patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment FDA Label.

No dose adjustment is recommended for patients with mild or moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance CLcr 30 to 89 mL/min estimated by Cockcroft-Gault) FDA Label. The recommended dose of lorlatinib has not been established for patients with severe renal impairment FDA Label.

Carcinogenicity studies have not been conducted with lorlatinib FDA Label. Lorlatinib was aneugenic in an in vitro assay in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells and positive for micronuclei formation in vivo in the bone marrow of rats. Lorlatinib was not mutagenic in an in vitro bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) assay FDA Label.

Dedicated fertility studies were not conducted with lorlatinib FDA Label. Findings in male reproductive organs occurred in repeat-dose toxicity studies and included lower testicular, epididymal, and prostate weights; testicular tubular degeneration/atrophy; prostatic atrophy; and/or epididymal inflammation at 15 mg/kg/day and 7 mg/kg/day in rats and dogs, respectively (approximately 8 and 2 times, respectively, the human exposure at the recommended dose of 100 mg based on AUC) FDA Label. The effects on male reproductive organs were reversible FDA Label.

Distended abdomen, skin rash, and increased cholesterol and triglycerides occurred in animals FDA Label. These findings were accompanied by hyperplasia and dilation of the bile ducts in the liver and acinar atrophy of the pancreas in rats at 15 mg/kg/day and in dogs at 2 mg/kg/day (approximately 8 and 0.5 times, respectively, the human exposure at the recommended dose of 100 mg based on AUC) FDA Label. All effects were reversible within the recovery period FDA Label.

Lorlatinib

DB12130

small molecule approved investigational

Deskripsi

Lorlatinib is a third-generation ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for patients with ALK-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancerL39905 which was first approved by the US FDA in November of 2018. It was subsequently approved by the EMA in 2019 for the treatment of select patients with previously treated advanced ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer, followed by an expanded approval in 2022 to include lorlatinib as a first-line treatment option in advanced ALK-positive NSCLC. L13580

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 406.421
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: ObatTargetGenEnzim(Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi)TransporterCarrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The mean plasma half-life (t½) of lorlatinib was 24 hours (40%) after a single oral 100 mg dose of lorlatinib [FDA Label].
Volume Distribusi The mean (CV%) steady-state volume of distribution (Vss) was 305 L (28%) following a single intravenous dose [FDA Label].
Klirens (Clearance) The mean oral clearance (CL/F) was 11 L/h (35%) following a single oral 100 mg dose and increased to 18 L/h (39%) at steady state, suggesting autoinduction [FDA Label].

Absorpsi

The median lorlatinib Tmax was 1.2 hours (0.5 to 4 hours) following a single oral 100 mg dose and 2 hours (0.5 to 23 hours) following 100 mg orally once daily at steady state FDA Label. The mean absolute bioavailability is 81% (90% CI 75.7%, 86.2%) after oral administration compared to intravenous administration FDA Label. Administration of lorlatinib with a high fat, high-calorie meal (approximately 1000 calories with 150 calories from protein, 250 calories from carbohydrate, and 500 to 600 calories from fat) had no clinically meaningful effect on lorlatinib pharmacokinetics FDA Label.

Metabolisme

In vitro, lorlatinib is metabolized primarily by CYP3A4 and UGT1A4, with minor contribution from CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP3A5, and UGT1A3 FDA Label. In plasma, a benzoic acid metabolite (M8) of lorlatinib resulting from the oxidative cleavage of the amide and aromatic ether bonds of lorlatinib accounted for 21% of the circulating radioactivity in a human 14C mass balance study FDA Label. The oxidative cleavage metabolite, M8, is pharmacologically inactive FDA Label.

Rute Eliminasi

Following a single oral 100 mg dose of radiolabeled lorlatinib, 48% of the radioactivity was recovered in urine (<1% as unchanged) and 41% in feces (about 9% as unchanged) FDA Label.

Interaksi Makanan

4 Data
  • 1. Avoid grapefruit products. Grapefruit inhibits CYP3A metabolism, which may increase the serum concentration of lorlatinib.
  • 2. Avoid St. John's Wort. This herb induces the CYP3A metabolism of lorlatinib and may reduce its serum concentration. Co-administration of lorlatinib with St. John's Wort is contraindicated.
  • 3. Take at the same time every day.
  • 4. Take with or without food.

Interaksi Obat

531 Data
Aripiprazole The metabolism of Aripiprazole can be increased when combined with Lorlatinib.
Aripiprazole lauroxil The metabolism of Aripiprazole lauroxil can be increased when combined with Lorlatinib.
Ifosfamide The metabolism of Ifosfamide can be increased when combined with Lorlatinib.
Perampanel The metabolism of Perampanel can be increased when combined with Lorlatinib.
Acenocoumarol The metabolism of Acenocoumarol can be increased when combined with Lorlatinib.
(R)-warfarin The metabolism of (R)-warfarin can be increased when combined with Lorlatinib.
(S)-Warfarin The metabolism of (S)-Warfarin can be increased when combined with Lorlatinib.
Warfarin The metabolism of Warfarin can be increased when combined with Lorlatinib.
R,S-Warfarin alcohol The metabolism of R,S-Warfarin alcohol can be increased when combined with Lorlatinib.
S,R-Warfarin alcohol The metabolism of S,R-Warfarin alcohol can be increased when combined with Lorlatinib.
Erlotinib The serum concentration of Erlotinib can be decreased when it is combined with Lorlatinib.
Segesterone acetate The metabolism of Segesterone acetate can be increased when combined with Lorlatinib.
Levomilnacipran The metabolism of Levomilnacipran can be increased when combined with Lorlatinib.
Milnacipran The metabolism of Milnacipran can be increased when combined with Lorlatinib.
Retapamulin The metabolism of Retapamulin can be increased when combined with Lorlatinib.
Nelfinavir The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Nelfinavir.
Ritonavir The serum concentration of Lorlatinib can be increased when it is combined with Ritonavir.
Ketoconazole The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Ketoconazole.
Itraconazole The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Itraconazole.
Clarithromycin The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Clarithromycin.
Saquinavir The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Saquinavir.
Boceprevir The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Boceprevir.
Cobicistat The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Cobicistat.
Troleandomycin The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Troleandomycin.
Lonafarnib The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Lonafarnib.
Voriconazole The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Voriconazole.
Diltiazem The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Diltiazem.
Cimetidine The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Cimetidine.
Ciprofloxacin The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Ciprofloxacin.
Verapamil The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil.
Isavuconazole The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Isavuconazole.
Erythromycin The serum concentration of Lorlatinib can be increased when it is combined with Erythromycin.
Aprepitant The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Aprepitant.
Mibefradil The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Mibefradil.
Ditiocarb The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Ditiocarb.
Medical Cannabis The metabolism of Medical Cannabis can be increased when combined with Lorlatinib.
Nabiximols The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Nabiximols.
Curcumin sulfate The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Curcumin sulfate.
Clofazimine The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Clofazimine.
Pralsetinib The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Pralsetinib.
Chloramphenicol The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Chloramphenicol.
Fluticasone propionate The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Fluticasone propionate.
Delavirdine The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Delavirdine.
Fluticasone furoate The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Fluticasone furoate.
Fluticasone The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Fluticasone.
Troglitazone The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Troglitazone.
Imatinib The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Imatinib.
Gestodene The metabolism of Gestodene can be increased when combined with Lorlatinib.
Seproxetine The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Seproxetine.
Methylene blue The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Methylene blue.
Letermovir The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Letermovir.
Rucaparib The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Rucaparib.
Levoketoconazole The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Levoketoconazole.
Indinavir The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Indinavir.
Acalabrutinib The metabolism of Acalabrutinib can be increased when combined with Lorlatinib.
Fluconazole The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Fluconazole.
Osilodrostat The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Osilodrostat.
Rifampin The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Rifampicin.
Phenobarbital The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Phenobarbital.
Enzalutamide The serum concentration of Lorlatinib can be decreased when it is combined with Enzalutamide.
Budesonide The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Budesonide.
Dexamethasone The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Dexamethasone.
Icotinib The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Icotinib.
Efavirenz The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Efavirenz.
Modafinil The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Modafinil.
Dexamethasone acetate The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Dexamethasone acetate.
Reserpine The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Reserpine.
Beclomethasone dipropionate The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Beclomethasone dipropionate.
Triamcinolone The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Triamcinolone.
Daunorubicin The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Daunorubicin.
Oxcarbazepine The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Oxcarbazepine.
Thalidomide The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Thalidomide.
Cortisone acetate The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Cortisone acetate.
Paramethasone The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Paramethasone.
Midostaurin The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Midostaurin.
Fluprednidene The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Fluprednidene.
Meprednisone The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Meprednisone.
Dexamethasone isonicotinate The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Dexamethasone isonicotinate.
Cortivazol The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Cortivazol.
Prednylidene The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Prednylidene.
Cloprednol The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Cloprednol.
Prednisolone phosphate The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Prednisolone phosphate.
Prednisolone hemisuccinate The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Prednisolone hemisuccinate.
Prednisone acetate The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Prednisone acetate.
Clocortolone acetate The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Clocortolone acetate.
Melengestrol acetate The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Melengestrol acetate.
Betamethasone phosphate The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Betamethasone phosphate.
Cortisone The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Cortisone.
Clobetasol propionate The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Clobetasol propionate.
Fluocinonide The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Fluocinonide.
Mometasone The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Mometasone.
Fluocortolone The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Fluocortolone.
Difluocortolone The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Difluocortolone.
Mometasone furoate The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Mometasone furoate.
Phenytoin The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Phenytoin.
Armodafinil The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Armodafinil.
Betamethasone The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be increased when combined with Betamethasone.
Ziprasidone The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Ziprasidone.
Nisoldipine The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Nisoldipine.
Alprazolam The metabolism of Lorlatinib can be decreased when combined with Alprazolam.

Target Protein

Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS ROS1
ALK tyrosine kinase receptor ALK

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Johnson TW, Richardson PF, Bailey S, et al. Discovery of (10R)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo4,3-h2,5,11-benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile (PF-06463922), a macrocyclic inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) with preclinical brain exposure and broad-spectrum potency against ALK-resistant mutations. J Med Chem. 2014;57(11):4720-44.
Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 29074098
    Shaw AT, Felip E, Bauer TM, Besse B, Navarro A, Postel-Vinay S, Gainor JF, Johnson M, Dietrich J, James LP, Clancy JS, Chen J, Martini JF, Abbattista A, Solomon BJ: Lorlatinib in non-small-cell lung cancer with ALK or ROS1 rearrangement: an international, multicentre, open-label, single-arm first-in-man phase 1 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017 Dec;18(12):1590-1599. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30680-0. Epub 2017 Oct 23.
  • PMID: 29101158
    Authors unspecified: Lorlatinib in NSCLC: Robust Efficacy Seen. Cancer Discov. 2017 Dec;7(12):1360-1361. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-NB2017-153. Epub 2017 Nov 3.
  • PMID: 26698910
    Shaw AT, Friboulet L, Leshchiner I, Gainor JF, Bergqvist S, Brooun A, Burke BJ, Deng YL, Liu W, Dardaei L, Frias RL, Schultz KR, Logan J, James LP, Smeal T, Timofeevski S, Katayama R, Iafrate AJ, Le L, McTigue M, Getz G, Johnson TW, Engelman JA: Resensitization to Crizotinib by the Lorlatinib ALK Resistance Mutation L1198F. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jan 7;374(1):54-61. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1508887. Epub 2015 Dec 23.
  • PMID: 27401797
    Authors unspecified: Lorlatinib Is Active in Drug-Resistant NSCLC. Cancer Discov. 2016 Aug;6(8):OF1. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-NB2016-087. Epub 2016 Jul 8.
  • PMID: 29067878
    Collier TL, Maresca KP, Normandin MD, Richardson P, McCarthy TJ, Liang SH, Waterhouse RN, Vasdev N: Brain Penetration of the ROS1/ALK Inhibitor Lorlatinib Confirmed by PET. Mol Imaging. 2017 Jan-Dec;16:1536012117736669. doi: 10.1177/1536012117736669.
  • PMID: 18097461
    Chiarle R, Voena C, Ambrogio C, Piva R, Inghirami G: The anaplastic lymphoma kinase in the pathogenesis of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2008 Jan;8(1):11-23. doi: 10.1038/nrc2291.
  • PMID: 25914136
    Guerin A, Sasane M, Zhang J, Macalalad AR, Galebach P, Jarvis J, Kageleiry A, Culver K, Wu EQ, Wakelee H: ALK rearrangement testing and treatment patterns for patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. 2015 Jun;39(3):307-12. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.04.005. Epub 2015 Apr 23.
  • PMID: 28122866
    Lin JJ, Riely GJ, Shaw AT: Targeting ALK: Precision Medicine Takes on Drug Resistance. Cancer Discov. 2017 Feb;7(2):137-155. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-16-1123. Epub 2017 Jan 25.
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