Peringatan Keamanan

Many of gestrinone's adverse effects occur due to its androgenic activity. These effects include acne, seborrhea, hirsutism, weight gain and deepening of the voice. Most patients develop at least one adverse event while taking this drug. This is because the drug is embryotoxic in some animals and may also cause masculinization of a female fetus. Gestrinone significantly reduces HDL concentrations L1697.

It is advisable to monitor liver transaminases and cholesterol levels in hyperlipidemic patients, as well as glucose in diabetic patients. Gestrinone has shown to decrease in the concentration of thyroid-binding globulin. Therefore, a decrease in serum total thyroxine levels is commonly observed. This is without clinical significance as free thyroxine levels and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels remain within the normal reference range L1700.

Gestrinone

DB11619

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Gestrinone, also known as ethylnorgestrienone, is a synthetic steroid of the 19-nortestosterone group that is marketed in Europe, Australia, and Latin America, though not the United States or Canada, and is used primarily in the treatment of endometriosis.

Gestrinone was developed in the early 1970s and was tested clinically as a weekly oral contraceptive in Europe and North America. Without significant advantages over other oral contraceptives and with its high cost, gestrinone was no longer used after the Stage II clinical trials. However, from 1982 this drug attracted increased interest due to significant therapeutic effects in the treatment endometriosis. Under different endocrine conditions, gestrinone possesses estrogenic, progestational, androgenic, antiestrogenic and antiprogesterone actions L1696.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 308.4141
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: ObatTargetGenEnzim(Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi)TransporterCarrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Plasma half-life is 24 hr [L1695].
Volume Distribusi 67 L [L1700]
Klirens (Clearance) Renal Excretion accounts for < 1 % [L1695].

Absorpsi

The oral absorption of gestrinone is 30% ±30 L1700.

Metabolisme

Gestrinone undergoes hydroxylation in the liver. Gestrinone is actively metabolized in the liver, mainly by hydroxylation, to conjugated metabolites 16b-hydroxy,13-ethyl (1-OH) and D-homo gestrinone. In vitro studies have shown that the metabolites are active but weaker than the unchanged drug L1695, L1698, L1700.

Rute Eliminasi

About 40-45% of a dose is excreted in the urine and 30-35% in the feces L1700.

Interaksi Obat

539 Data
Acitretin The therapeutic efficacy of Gestrinone can be decreased when used in combination with Acitretin.
Aprepitant The serum concentration of Gestrinone can be decreased when it is combined with Aprepitant.
Atazanavir The serum concentration of Gestrinone can be increased when it is combined with Atazanavir.
Boceprevir The serum concentration of Gestrinone can be increased when it is combined with Boceprevir.
Prucalopride The serum concentration of Gestrinone can be decreased when it is combined with Prucalopride.
Sugammadex The serum concentration of Gestrinone can be decreased when it is combined with Sugammadex.
Thalidomide Gestrinone may increase the thrombogenic activities of Thalidomide.
Ulipristal The therapeutic efficacy of Gestrinone can be decreased when used in combination with Ulipristal.
Ursodeoxycholic acid The therapeutic efficacy of Ursodeoxycholic acid can be decreased when used in combination with Gestrinone.
Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid The therapeutic efficacy of Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid can be decreased when used in combination with Gestrinone.
Cholic Acid The therapeutic efficacy of Cholic Acid can be decreased when used in combination with Gestrinone.
Glycocholic acid The therapeutic efficacy of Glycocholic acid can be decreased when used in combination with Gestrinone.
Deoxycholic acid The therapeutic efficacy of Deoxycholic acid can be decreased when used in combination with Gestrinone.
Taurocholic acid The therapeutic efficacy of Taurocholic acid can be decreased when used in combination with Gestrinone.
Obeticholic acid The therapeutic efficacy of Obeticholic acid can be decreased when used in combination with Gestrinone.
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid The therapeutic efficacy of Tauroursodeoxycholic acid can be decreased when used in combination with Gestrinone.
Bamet-UD2 The therapeutic efficacy of Bamet-UD2 can be decreased when used in combination with Gestrinone.
cis-Diamminechlorocholylglycinateplatinum(II) The therapeutic efficacy of cis-Diamminechlorocholylglycinateplatinum(II) can be decreased when used in combination with Gestrinone.
Dehydrocholic acid The therapeutic efficacy of Dehydrocholic acid can be decreased when used in combination with Gestrinone.
Hyodeoxycholic Acid The therapeutic efficacy of Hyodeoxycholic Acid can be decreased when used in combination with Gestrinone.
Aramchol The therapeutic efficacy of Aramchol can be decreased when used in combination with Gestrinone.
Ox bile extract The therapeutic efficacy of Ox bile extract can be decreased when used in combination with Gestrinone.
Chenodeoxycholic acid The therapeutic efficacy of Chenodeoxycholic acid can be decreased when used in combination with Gestrinone.
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid The therapeutic efficacy of Taurochenodeoxycholic acid can be decreased when used in combination with Gestrinone.
Capromab pendetide Gestrinone may decrease effectiveness of Capromab pendetide as a diagnostic agent.
Tranexamic acid Gestrinone may increase the thrombogenic activities of Tranexamic acid.
Clobazam The serum concentration of Gestrinone can be decreased when it is combined with Clobazam.
Colestipol Colestipol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Gestrinone resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Sevelamer Sevelamer can cause a decrease in the absorption of Gestrinone resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Colesevelam Colesevelam can cause a decrease in the absorption of Gestrinone resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Cholestyramine Cholestyramine can cause a decrease in the absorption of Gestrinone resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Griseofulvin The metabolism of Gestrinone can be increased when combined with Griseofulvin.
Tixocortol The serum concentration of Tixocortol can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Fluocortin The serum concentration of Fluocortin can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Fluperolone The serum concentration of Fluperolone can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Fluclorolone The serum concentration of Fluclorolone can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Flunisolide The serum concentration of Flunisolide can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Beclomethasone dipropionate The serum concentration of Beclomethasone dipropionate can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Betamethasone The serum concentration of Betamethasone can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Fluocinolone acetonide The serum concentration of Fluocinolone acetonide can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Triamcinolone The serum concentration of Triamcinolone can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Prednisone The serum concentration of Prednisone can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Hydrocortisone The serum concentration of Hydrocortisone can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Prednisolone The serum concentration of Prednisolone can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Methylprednisolone The serum concentration of Methylprednisolone can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Corticotropin The serum concentration of Corticotropin can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Cortisone acetate The serum concentration of Cortisone acetate can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Fluprednidene The serum concentration of Fluprednidene can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Meprednisone The serum concentration of Meprednisone can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Dexamethasone isonicotinate The serum concentration of Dexamethasone isonicotinate can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Deflazacort The serum concentration of Deflazacort can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Cortivazol The serum concentration of Cortivazol can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Prednylidene The serum concentration of Prednylidene can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Cloprednol The serum concentration of Cloprednol can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Mometasone furoate The serum concentration of Mometasone furoate can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Hydrocortisone acetate The serum concentration of Hydrocortisone acetate can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Hydrocortisone succinate The serum concentration of Hydrocortisone succinate can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Prednisolone phosphate The serum concentration of Prednisolone phosphate can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Prednisolone hemisuccinate The serum concentration of Prednisolone hemisuccinate can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Methylprednisolone hemisuccinate The serum concentration of Methylprednisolone hemisuccinate can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Prednisone acetate The serum concentration of Prednisone acetate can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Clocortolone acetate The serum concentration of Clocortolone acetate can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Melengestrol acetate The serum concentration of Melengestrol acetate can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Betamethasone phosphate The serum concentration of Betamethasone phosphate can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Cortisone The serum concentration of Cortisone can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Fluticasone propionate The serum concentration of Fluticasone propionate can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Fludrocortisone The serum concentration of Fludrocortisone can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Trilostane The serum concentration of Trilostane can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Budesonide The serum concentration of Budesonide can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Dexamethasone The serum concentration of Dexamethasone can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Paramethasone The serum concentration of Paramethasone can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Ciclesonide The serum concentration of Ciclesonide can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Aldosterone The serum concentration of Aldosterone can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Fluticasone furoate The serum concentration of Fluticasone furoate can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Fluprednisolone The serum concentration of Fluprednisolone can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Melengestrol The serum concentration of Melengestrol can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Fluticasone The serum concentration of Fluticasone can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Hydrocortisone cypionate The serum concentration of Hydrocortisone cypionate can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Clobetasol propionate The serum concentration of Clobetasol propionate can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Fluocinonide The serum concentration of Fluocinonide can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Hydrocortisone butyrate The serum concentration of Hydrocortisone butyrate can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Desoximetasone The serum concentration of Desoximetasone can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Mometasone The serum concentration of Mometasone can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Fluocortolone The serum concentration of Fluocortolone can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Prednisolone acetate The serum concentration of Prednisolone acetate can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Fluorometholone The serum concentration of Fluorometholone can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Difluocortolone The serum concentration of Difluocortolone can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Flumethasone The serum concentration of Flumethasone can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Methylprednisolone aceponate The serum concentration of Methylprednisolone aceponate can be increased when it is combined with Gestrinone.
Vitamin A The therapeutic efficacy of Gestrinone can be decreased when used in combination with Vitamin A.
Bexarotene The therapeutic efficacy of Gestrinone can be decreased when used in combination with Bexarotene.
Alitretinoin The therapeutic efficacy of Gestrinone can be decreased when used in combination with Alitretinoin.
Tretinoin The therapeutic efficacy of Gestrinone can be decreased when used in combination with Tretinoin.
Tazarotene The therapeutic efficacy of Gestrinone can be decreased when used in combination with Tazarotene.
Etretinate The therapeutic efficacy of Gestrinone can be decreased when used in combination with Etretinate.
Isotretinoin The therapeutic efficacy of Gestrinone can be decreased when used in combination with Isotretinoin.
4-Oxoretinol The therapeutic efficacy of Gestrinone can be decreased when used in combination with 4-Oxoretinol.
Fenretinide The therapeutic efficacy of Gestrinone can be decreased when used in combination with Fenretinide.
Ro 12-7310 The therapeutic efficacy of Gestrinone can be decreased when used in combination with Ro 12-7310.
Zuretinol acetate The therapeutic efficacy of Gestrinone can be decreased when used in combination with Zuretinol acetate.

Target Protein

Progesterone receptor PGR
Glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1
Androgen receptor AR
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor GNRHR
Estrogen receptor ESR1
Sex hormone-binding globulin SHBG

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 2523321
    Fedele L, Bianchi S, Viezzoli T, Arcaini L, Candiani GB: Gestrinone versus danazol in the treatment of endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 1989 May;51(5):781-5.
  • PMID: 1473163
    Presl J, Laitl J, Pilka L, Ventruba P: Gestrinone in the therapy of sterility due to endometriosis. Cesk Gynekol. 1992 Oct;57(8):401-7.
  • PMID: 11076067
    Wang Q, Wu Z, Wang Y, Luo G, Wu E, Gao X: Determination of gestrinone in human serum by liquid chromatography--electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2000 Sep 15;746(2):151-9.
  • PMID: 2806598
    Venturini PL, Bertolini S, Brunenghi MC, Daga A, Fasce V, Marcenaro A, Cimato M, De Cecco L: Endocrine, metabolic, and clinical effects of gestrinone in women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 1989 Oct;52(4):589-95.
  • PMID: 17707720
    Gao X, Wu E, Chen G: Mechanism of emergency contraception with gestrinone: a preliminary investigation. Contraception. 2007 Sep;76(3):221-7. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2007.05.089. Epub 2007 Jul 26.

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