Toxicity Data: Oral LD50 (rat): 180 mg/kg; Oral LD50 (mouse): 120 mg/kg; Oral LD50 (rabbit): 180 mg/kg MSDS.
The toxicity of this drug is dependent on the dose ingested, and is owed to its central nervous stimulant activity T178, T179.
Overdoses of pipradrol hydrochloride cause nausea, anxiety, insomnia and abdominal pain, however, these symptoms often disappear when the drug is withdrawn. In severe cases, convulsions may occur L2515, T179. This drug is contraindicated in anxiety, psychosis states, and schizophrenia, as it can worsen these symptoms. Hallucinations have been reported after taking this drug T178.
Over the last decade there has been greater use of novel psychoactive substances (‘legal highs’) across Europe and the United States, including increasing frequency of reports of diphenylprolinol (D2PM) and desoxypipradrol (2-DPMP) use L2519.
There are increasing reports that D2PM (desoxy analogue of pipradrol) and 2-DPMP (a pyrrolidine analogue of pipradrol) are used in Europe as drugs of abuse. 2-DPMP has sympathomimetic properties similar to cocaine and, in addition, prolonged and clinically significant neuropsychiatric symptoms have been reported L2519. The binding and activity of D2PM at the dopamine re-uptake transporter, is also similar to cocaine, though it appears that D2PM has less potent biological activity L2519.
Pipradrol (Meratran) L2523 was initially developed in the 1950s as an antidepressant, however, the adverse effects associated with its use and its abuse potential led to its withdrawal and international regulation L2524. Pipradrol was made illegal in many countries in 1970s because of its potential for abuse. It is currently classified under the Misuse of Drugs Act as a Class C substance L2522.
Experimentation with the drug and its derivatives for recreational purposes has led to many cases of acute toxicity and has been linked to three fatalities. The social and in particular acute clinical harms of pipradrol derivatives have led to their control under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 in the UK in 2012 T178.
Interestingly, this drug has been studied for bactericidal properties, however, is not currently, used for this purpose A32725. In addition to this, it has shown favorable effects in postpartum depressive symptoms L2516.
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.