Peringatan Keamanan

A fatal dose is reported to be in the range of 1-3 g and the LD50 observed in different preclinical studies has been from 60-400 mg/kg depending on the animal species and route of administration.^L2815

Cetalkonium

DB11583

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Cetalkonium is a C16 alkyl benzalkonium chloride derivative with an amphipathic property which allows it to be used in different types of formulations.^A27143 It is a quaternary ammonium salt that acts as an antiseptic against a variety of bacteria and fungi.^L2137 Cetalkonium is approved by the FDA for its use in over-the-counter products as a skin protectant.^L2737 By Health Canada, it is also approved for its use in over-the-counter products.^L1113

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 360.649

Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) As cetalkonium is not absorbed, this pharmacokinetic property is not relevant.

Volume Distribusi As cetalkonium is not absorbed, this pharmacokinetic property is not relevant.

Klirens (Clearance) As cetalkonium is not absorbed, this pharmacokinetic property is not relevant.

Absorpsi

Cetalkonium is used mainly topically and it is not absorbed.T53 When administered orally and parenterally, cetalkonium absorption may happen but it is very insignificant.^L2815

Metabolisme

As cetalkonium is not absorbed, this pharmacokinetic property is not relevant.

Rute Eliminasi

As cetalkonium is not absorbed, this pharmacokinetic property is not relevant. When administered orally, most of the administered dose is excreted unchanged in the feces as it is very poorly absorbed.^L2815

Interaksi Obat

0 Data

Tidak ada data.

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 24001405
Daull P, Lallemand F, Garrigue JS: Benefits of cetalkonium chloride cationic oil-in-water nanoemulsions for topical ophthalmic drug delivery. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2014 Apr;66(4):531-41.

Textbook

ISBN: 1-890595-66-7
Ash M. and Ash I. (2004). Handbook of preservatives. Synapse information resources, Inc.
ISBN: 978-0-323-35669-5
Stull J. and Weese J. (2015). Infection Control. Elsevier.
Seyffart G. (1992). Drug dosage in renal insufficiency (2nd ed.). Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.

Link

Attachment

Bonjela monograph

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 3 • International brands: 0

Produk

Bionet Lozenge

Lozenge • - • Oral • Canada • OTC • Approved
Emercol Loz

Lozenge • - • Oral • Canada • OTC • Approved
Teejel Gel

Gel • - • Dental; Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.