Peringatan Keamanan

There is no information on the LD₅₀ value of ravulizumab.

No case of ravulizumab overdose has been reported to date. Patients who experience overdose should have immediate interruption of their infusion and be closely monitored.^L39700

Ravulizumab

DB11580

biotech approved investigational

Deskripsi

Ravulizumab is a potent and selective complement 5 (C5) inhibitor. It is a humanized monoclonal IgG2/4 kappa antibody produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.^L39690 Ravulizumab was engineered from eculizumab, another complement inhibitor, to increase the duration of action and reduce the frequency of drug administration.^A244460 It works by blocking terminal complement-mediated inflammation, cell activation, and cell lysis in blood disorders associated with the destruction of red blood cells, thrombosis, and impaired bone marrow function.^A244465

Ravulizumab was first approved by the FDA on December 21, 2018, for the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome in children and adults.^A244465 It was later approved by the European Commission on July 2, 2019, for the same indications.^L39710 Ravulizumab is also used to treat myasthenia gravis.L39690,L39700 Ravulizumab is currently being investigated for the treatment of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-induced microvasculature injury and endothelial damage leading to thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) causing acute kidney injury (AKI).^L39715

Struktur Molekul 2D

Struktur tidak tersedia

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The mean (%CV) terminal elimination half-life of ravulizumab is 49.6 (18.3) days in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and 51.8 (31.3) days in patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.[L39690]

Volume Distribusi The mean (%CV) volume of distribution at steady state was 5.30 (17.9) L in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and 5.22 (35.4) L in patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.[L39690]

Klirens (Clearance) The mean (%CV) clearance of ravulizumab is 0.08 (28.1) L/day in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and 0.08 (53.3) L/day in patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.[L39690]

Absorpsi

In children with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria who are complement inhibitor-naïve, the mean C_max was 733 mcg/mL following the loading dose and 1490 mcg/mL following the maintenance dose. In children who were previously treated with eculizumab, the mean C_max was 885 mcg/mL following the loading dose and 1705 mcg/mL following the maintenance dose.^L39690 In adults with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria who are complement inhibitor-naïve, the mean C_max was 771 mcg/mL following the loading dose and 1379 mcg/mL following the maintenance dose. In adults who were previously treated with eculizumab, the mean C_max was 843 mcg/mL following the loading dose and 1386 mcg/mL following the maintenance dose.^L39690 In children with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and a body weight of less than 20 kg, the mean C_max was 656 mcg/mL following the loading dose and 1467 mcg/mL following the maintenance dose. In children with a body weight ranging from 20 to 40 kg, the mean C_max was 600 mcg/mL following the loading dose and 1863 mcg/mL following the maintenance dose. In adults with a body weight greater than 40 kg, the mean C_max was 754 mcg/mL following the loading dose and 1458 mcg/mL following the maintenance dose.^L39690 T_max is expected at the end of infusion (EOI) or soon after EOI. Therapeutic steady-state drug concentrations are reached after the first dose.^L39700

Metabolisme

Ravulizumab is expected to be metabolized in the same manner as any endogenous immunoglobulin gamma monoclonal antibody: it undergoes degradation into small peptides and amino acids via catabolic pathways. Ravulizumab contains only natural occurring amino acids and has no known active metabolites.^L39700

Rute Eliminasi

There is no information on the route of elimination of ravulizumab.

Interaksi Obat

670 Data

Denosumab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Denosumab is combined with Ravulizumab.
Etanercept	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etanercept is combined with Ravulizumab.
Peginterferon alfa-2a	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Peginterferon alfa-2a is combined with Ravulizumab.
Interferon alfa-n1	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfa-n1 is combined with Ravulizumab.
Interferon alfa-n3	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfa-n3 is combined with Ravulizumab.
Peginterferon alfa-2b	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Peginterferon alfa-2b is combined with Ravulizumab.
Anakinra	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Anakinra is combined with Ravulizumab.
Interferon gamma-1b	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon gamma-1b is combined with Ravulizumab.
Interferon alfa-2a	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfa-2a is combined with Ravulizumab.
Aldesleukin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Aldesleukin is combined with Ravulizumab.
Adalimumab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Adalimumab is combined with Ravulizumab.
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is combined with Ravulizumab.
Pegaspargase	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pegaspargase is combined with Ravulizumab.
Infliximab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Infliximab is combined with Ravulizumab.
Interferon beta-1b	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon beta-1b is combined with Ravulizumab.
Interferon alfacon-1	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfacon-1 is combined with Ravulizumab.
Rituximab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Rituximab is combined with Ravulizumab.
Basiliximab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Basiliximab is combined with Ravulizumab.
Muromonab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Muromonab is combined with Ravulizumab.
Ibritumomab tiuxetan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibritumomab tiuxetan is combined with Ravulizumab.
Tositumomab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tositumomab is combined with Ravulizumab.
Alemtuzumab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alemtuzumab is combined with Ravulizumab.
Alefacept	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alefacept is combined with Ravulizumab.
Efalizumab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Efalizumab is combined with Ravulizumab.
Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit)	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit) is combined with Ravulizumab.
Interferon alfa-2b	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Interferon alfa-2b is combined with Ravulizumab.
Daclizumab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Daclizumab is combined with Ravulizumab.
Phenylalanine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Phenylalanine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Flunisolide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Flunisolide is combined with Ravulizumab.
Bortezomib	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bortezomib is combined with Ravulizumab.
Cladribine	Ravulizumab may increase the immunosuppressive activities of Cladribine.
Carmustine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Carmustine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Amsacrine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amsacrine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Bleomycin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bleomycin is combined with Ravulizumab.
Chlorambucil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chlorambucil is combined with Ravulizumab.
Raltitrexed	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Raltitrexed is combined with Ravulizumab.
Mitomycin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mitomycin is combined with Ravulizumab.
Bexarotene	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bexarotene is combined with Ravulizumab.
Vindesine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Vindesine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Floxuridine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Floxuridine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Indomethacin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Indomethacin is combined with Ravulizumab.
Tioguanine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tioguanine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Vinorelbine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Vinorelbine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Dexrazoxane	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dexrazoxane is combined with Ravulizumab.
Beclomethasone dipropionate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Beclomethasone dipropionate is combined with Ravulizumab.
Sorafenib	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Sorafenib is combined with Ravulizumab.
Streptozocin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Streptozocin is combined with Ravulizumab.
Trifluridine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trifluridine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Gemcitabine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gemcitabine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Betamethasone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Betamethasone is combined with Ravulizumab.
Teniposide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Teniposide is combined with Ravulizumab.
Epirubicin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Epirubicin is combined with Ravulizumab.
Chloramphenicol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Ravulizumab.
Lenalidomide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Lenalidomide is combined with Ravulizumab.
Altretamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Altretamine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Zidovudine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Zidovudine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Cisplatin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cisplatin is combined with Ravulizumab.
Oxaliplatin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oxaliplatin is combined with Ravulizumab.
Cyclophosphamide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cyclophosphamide is combined with Ravulizumab.
Vincristine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Vincristine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Fluorouracil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fluorouracil is combined with Ravulizumab.
Propylthiouracil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Propylthiouracil is combined with Ravulizumab.
Pentostatin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentostatin is combined with Ravulizumab.
Methotrexate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methotrexate is combined with Ravulizumab.
Carbamazepine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Carbamazepine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Vinblastine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Vinblastine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Fluticasone propionate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fluticasone propionate is combined with Ravulizumab.
Fluocinolone acetonide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fluocinolone acetonide is combined with Ravulizumab.
Linezolid	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Linezolid is combined with Ravulizumab.
Imatinib	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Imatinib is combined with Ravulizumab.
Triamcinolone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Triamcinolone is combined with Ravulizumab.
Clofarabine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Clofarabine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Prednisone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisone is combined with Ravulizumab.
Pemetrexed	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pemetrexed is combined with Ravulizumab.
Fludrocortisone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fludrocortisone is combined with Ravulizumab.
Mycophenolate mofetil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mycophenolate mofetil is combined with Ravulizumab.
Daunorubicin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Daunorubicin is combined with Ravulizumab.
Irinotecan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Irinotecan is combined with Ravulizumab.
Methimazole	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methimazole is combined with Ravulizumab.
Etoposide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etoposide is combined with Ravulizumab.
Sulfasalazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Sulfasalazine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Dacarbazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dacarbazine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Temozolomide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temozolomide is combined with Ravulizumab.
Penicillamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Penicillamine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Prednisolone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prednisolone is combined with Ravulizumab.
Sirolimus	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Sirolimus is combined with Ravulizumab.
Mechlorethamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mechlorethamine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Azacitidine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Azacitidine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Carboplatin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Carboplatin is combined with Ravulizumab.
Methylprednisolone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methylprednisolone is combined with Ravulizumab.
Dactinomycin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dactinomycin is combined with Ravulizumab.
Cytarabine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cytarabine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Azathioprine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Azathioprine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Doxorubicin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Doxorubicin is combined with Ravulizumab.
Hydroxyurea	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hydroxyurea is combined with Ravulizumab.
Busulfan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Busulfan is combined with Ravulizumab.
Mycophenolic acid	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mycophenolic acid is combined with Ravulizumab.
Topotecan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Topotecan is combined with Ravulizumab.
Mercaptopurine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mercaptopurine is combined with Ravulizumab.
Thalidomide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Thalidomide is combined with Ravulizumab.

Target Protein

Complement C5 C5

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: Method for simultaneous quantification of alxn1210 and eculizumab in human serum or urine: WO20 8183449A1, Ryan Pelto, Meng Chen

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 34820672
Ladwig PM, Willrich MAV: Ravulizumab: Characterization and quantitation of a new C5 inhibitor using isotype specific affinity purification and high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab. 2021 Aug 12;21:10-18. doi: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2021.08.002. eCollection 2021 Aug.
PMID: 31534662
Stern RM, Connell NT: Ravulizumab: a novel C5 inhibitor for the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Ther Adv Hematol. 2019 Sep 10;10:2040620719874728. doi: 10.1177/2040620719874728. eCollection 2019.
PMID: 33738756
Syed YY: Ravulizumab: A Review in Atypical Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome. Drugs. 2021 Apr;81(5):587-594. doi: 10.1007/s40265-021-01481-6.

Link

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 11 • International brands: 0

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Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.