Peringatan Keamanan

Reports have indicated contact urticaria in users that present some sort of contact with balsam of Peru.^L2876 The reported LD50 in the rabbit is 2-5 g/kg.T223

Balsam of Peru

DB11482

small molecule nutraceutical vet_approved

Deskripsi

Balsam of Peru is a resin that comes from the tree Myroxylon balsamum pereirae. It is constituted by a mixture of substances from which the major components are benzyl cinnamate and DB00676. Balsam of Peru has also presented several allergens such as cinnamic acid, DB06770 and DB02130.^F117 Under the FDA, balsam of Peru is considered as an inactive ingredient to be used for approved drug products^L2878 as well as an approved food additive under the categorization of generally recognized as safe (GRAS).^L2879 By Health Canada, the balsam of Peru is approved by the use of over-the-counter combination products and it is currently approved in veterinary products.^L1113 By the EMA, the balsam of Peru is approved and categorized under the herbal medicine products.^F121

Struktur Molekul 2D

Struktur tidak tersedia

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) This pharmacokinetic property has not been determined.

Volume Distribusi This pharmacokinetic property has not been determined.

Klirens (Clearance) This pharmacokinetic property has not been determined.

Absorpsi

When administered dermally, absorption is not expected.T222 When applied topically, the balsam of Peru was detectable in the skin after 1 hour but no longer after 8 hours. The absorption is significantly increased in occluded skin and it is moderately irritating.^F121

Metabolisme

The major constituents of balsam of Peru are rapidly hydrolyzed to benzyl alcohol which is further oxidized to benzoic acid. This metabolite is further conjugated in the liver with glycine to hippuric acid.^F121

Rute Eliminasi

As balsam of Peru is rapidly metabolized to form hippuric acid it is rapidly excreted via the kidneys and about 75-80% of the dose is eliminated 6 hours after oral administration.^F121

Interaksi Obat

0 Data

Tidak ada data.

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 15932578
Avalos-Peralta P, Garcia-Bravo B, Camacho FM: Sensitivity to Myroxylon pereirae resin (balsam of Peru). A study of 50 cases. Contact Dermatitis. 2005 Jun;52(6):304-6.

Textbook

Grieve M. (1995). A modern herbal. Botanical.
ISBN: 978-0-7020-51-821
Bolognia J., Jorizzo J. and Schaffer J. (2009). Dermatology E-book (3rd ed.). Elsevier.
ISBN: 0-85369-578-4
Lis-Balchin M. (2006). Aromatherapy science (1st ed.). Pharmaceutical Press.

Link

Attachment

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 24 • International brands: 0

Produk

Arnica De LA Abuela

Ointment • - • Topical • US • OTC
Asthma Aide Synergy

Oil • - • Topical • US • OTC
Atopic Healer Synergy

Oil • - • Topical • US • OTC
balsam peru oil PainAway with natural peppermint and Balsam Peru

Oil • - • Topical • US • OTC
Compound Benzoin Tincture

Liquid • - • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
Friar's Balsam

Liquid • - • Respiratory (inhalation) • Canada • OTC • Approved
Friar's Balsam

Liquid • - • Respiratory (inhalation) • Canada • OTC • Approved
Friar's Balsam Benzoin Tincture

Tincture • - • Respiratory (inhalation); Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved

Menampilkan 8 dari 24 produk.

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.