Peringatan Keamanan

Oral LD50 of anhydrous chlorobutanol in rat is 510 mg/kg MSDS. Chlorobutanol was shown to induce conjunctival and corneal cell toxicity in vitro

Chlorobutanol

DB11386

small molecule approved investigational vet_approved

Deskripsi

Chlorobutanol, or chlorbutol, is an alcohol-based preservative with no surfactant activity ^A32746. It also elicits sedative-hypnotic and weak local anesthetic actions in addition to antibacterial and antifungal properties. Similar in nature to chloral hydrate, it is formed by the simple nucleophilic addition of chloroform and acetone.

As a long-term stabilizer of multi-ingredient preparations, chlorobutanol is normally used at a concentration of 0.5%. At this concentration, it also conserves its antimicrobial activity.

Due to the long terminal half-life of 37 days, the use of chlorobutanol as a sedative is limited because of the considerable accumulation which will occur following multiple dosing ^A32743. Chlorobutanol is a common detergent preservative in eye drops and other ophthalmic therapeutic formulations ^A32744.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 177.45

Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Following oral administration, the terminal elimination half life in healthy subjects was 10.3 ± 1.3 days [A32743].

Volume Distribusi The volume of distribution was approximately 233 ± 141 L in healthy individuals receiving oral chlorobutanol [A32743].

Klirens (Clearance) In healthy subjects, the clearance was approximately 11.6 ± 1.0 mL/min following oral administration [A32743].

Absorpsi

Following oral administration in healthy subjects, the plasma concentration fell by 50% in 24 hours post-administration ^A32743.

Metabolisme

Chlorobutanol is reported to undergo glucuronidation and sulphation ^A32743.

Rute Eliminasi

Under physiological conditions, chlorobutanol is unstable. The mean urinary recovery accounts for 9.6% of the dose orally administered ^A32743.

Interaksi Obat

0 Data

Tidak ada data.

Target Protein

Voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel KCNH2 KCNH2

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 2096493
Chen SL, Yang WC, Huang TP, Wann SA, Teng CM: Chlorobutanol, a preservative of desmopressin, inhibits human platelet aggregation and release in vitro. Thromb Haemost. 1990 Nov 30;64(3):473-7.
PMID: 1083146
Hermsmeyer K, Aprigliano O: Effects of chlorobutanol and bradykinin on myocardial excitation. Am J Physiol. 1976 Feb;230(2):306-10. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.230.2.306.
PMID: 7159691
Tung C, Graham GG, Wade DN, Williams KM: The pharmacokinetics of chlorbutol in man. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1982 Oct-Dec;3(4):371-8.
PMID: 19284328
Epstein SP, Ahdoot M, Marcus E, Asbell PA: Comparative toxicity of preservatives on immortalized corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Apr;25(2):113-9. doi: 10.1089/jop.2008.0098.
PMID: 11783457
Noecker R: Effects of common ophthalmic preservatives on ocular health. Adv Ther. 2001 Sep-Oct;18(5):205-15.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 11 • International brands: 0

Produk

Aurisan Dps

Solution / drops • - • Auricular (otic) • Canada • OTC • Approved
Balminil Nasal Ointment

Ointment • - • Nasal • Canada • OTC • Approved
Cerumol

Solution / drops • - • Auricular (otic) • Canada • OTC • Approved
Dry Socket Paste

Paste • - • Dental • Canada • Approved
Dso Dressing

Liquid • - • Dental • Canada • Approved
Gouttes Pour Mal D'oreilles

Solution / drops • - • Auricular (otic) • Canada • OTC • Approved
Larynsol Loz

Lozenge • - • Oral • Canada • OTC • Approved
Neutralite Liq

Liquid • - • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved

Menampilkan 8 dari 11 produk.

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.