Peringatan Keamanan

Senna causes increased amounts of apoptosis in the large intestine shortly after use due to upregulated p53 activityA19236. This is normally reversed after 18 hours however chronic use has been shown to be associated with p53 resistance and potential carcinogenicity leading to colon cancerA19236. The LD50 value in rats was 5000mg/kg. Subacute studies in rats receiving 20mg/kg and dogs receiving 500mg/kg did not produce signs of toxicityA19238. Tests for mutagenicity and reproductive toxicity do not indicate toxic effectsA19238.

Sennosides are not recommended for use in pregnancy due to genotoxic risks associated with chemically similar compoundsL771. The active metabolite of sennosides is excreted in breast milk, though there are no reports of the laxitive effect in breast fed babiesL771. There is no data on the effects of sennosides on fertilityL771.

Sennosides

DB11365

small molecule experimental

Deskripsi

Sennosides (also known as senna glycoside or senna) is a medication used to treat constipationFDA LabelL771 and empty the large intestine before surgery. The medication is taken by mouth or via the rectumFDA Label. It typically begins working in minutes when given by rectum and within twelve hours when given by mouthFDA Label. It is a weaker laxative than bisacodyl or castor oilA177092. Sennoside A, one of the sennosides present in the laxative medication, has recently proven effective in inhibiting the ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase A19231.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 862.746
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The half life of radiolabelled intravenous sennoside B in rats was 8.568±0.651h[A176990].
Volume Distribusi The volume of distribution of radiolabelled intravenous sennoside B in rats was 0.802±0.124L/kg[A176990].
Klirens (Clearance) The clearance of radiolabelled intravenous sennoside B in rats was 0.065±0.007L/h/kg[A176990].

Absorpsi

<10% is absorbed from the gut mostly in the form of the active metabolite rheinanthrone DB13175L771.

Metabolisme

Sennosides A and B are metabolised to sennidins A and B by gut bacteriaA19239. Sennidins A and B are further metabolized to rheinanthrone DB13175 by gut bacteria using beta-glucosidaseA19235. Rheinanthrone DB13175 is absorbed into systemic circulation where 2.6% is metabolized to rhein DB13174 and sennidins A and B via oxidationA19237,A19248,A19235. Rheinanthrone DB13175 is the major active metabolite of sennosides A and B which produces the laxative effect of the medicationA19235. Rhein DB13174 is also an active metabolite known to have many protective effectsA19247.

Rute Eliminasi

3-6% of metabolites are excreted in urine with some in bile. >90% of sennosides are excreted in the feces as polymers with 2-6% of the parent compounds excreted unchangedL771.

Interaksi Makanan

1 Data
  • 1. Avoid natural licorice. Licorice root can induce hypokalemia in patients taking sennosides.

Interaksi Obat

394 Data
Tramadol The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Tramadol.
Trospium The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Trospium.
Oxyphenonium The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Oxyphenonium.
Benzatropine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Benzatropine.
Ziprasidone The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Ziprasidone.
Disopyramide The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Disopyramide.
Amitriptyline The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Amitriptyline.
Ipratropium The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Ipratropium.
Olanzapine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Olanzapine.
Metixene The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Metixene.
Terfenadine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Terfenadine.
Buclizine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Buclizine.
Clozapine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Clozapine.
Doxylamine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Doxylamine.
Trihexyphenidyl The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Trihexyphenidyl.
Oxyphencyclimine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Oxyphencyclimine.
Procyclidine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Procyclidine.
Profenamine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Profenamine.
Promazine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Promazine.
Hyoscyamine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Hyoscyamine.
Cyproheptadine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Cyproheptadine.
Imipramine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Imipramine.
Methscopolamine bromide The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Methscopolamine bromide.
Chlorpromazine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Chlorpromazine.
Gallamine triethiodide The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Gallamine triethiodide.
Darifenacin The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Darifenacin.
Tridihexethyl The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Tridihexethyl.
Triflupromazine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Triflupromazine.
Anisotropine methylbromide The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Anisotropine methylbromide.
Nortriptyline The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Nortriptyline.
Amoxapine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Amoxapine.
Atropine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Atropine.
Nicardipine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Nicardipine.
Pirenzepine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Pirenzepine.
Paroxetine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Paroxetine.
Homatropine methylbromide The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Homatropine methylbromide.
Rocuronium The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Rocuronium.
Scopolamine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Scopolamine.
Benzquinamide The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Benzquinamide.
Clidinium The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Clidinium.
Propiomazine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Propiomazine.
Propantheline The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Propantheline.
Dicyclomine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Dicyclomine.
Biperiden The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Biperiden.
Brompheniramine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Brompheniramine.
Flupentixol The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Flupentixol.
Cocaine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Cocaine.
Quinidine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Quinidine.
Maprotiline The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Maprotiline.
Methantheline The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Methantheline.
Cycrimine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Cycrimine.
Glycopyrronium The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Glycopyrronium.
Tolterodine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Tolterodine.
Oxybutynin The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Oxybutynin.
Promethazine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Promethazine.
Diphenhydramine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Diphenhydramine.
Doxacurium The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Doxacurium.
Doxepin The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Doxepin.
Flavoxate The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Flavoxate.
Desipramine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Desipramine.
Orphenadrine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Orphenadrine.
Escitalopram The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Escitalopram.
Quetiapine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Quetiapine.
Mivacurium The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Mivacurium.
Diphenidol The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Diphenidol.
Aripiprazole The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Aripiprazole.
Chlorprothixene The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Chlorprothixene.
Metocurine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Metocurine.
Pancuronium The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Pancuronium.
Pipecuronium The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Pipecuronium.
Methotrimeprazine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Methotrimeprazine.
Tiotropium The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Tiotropium.
Solifenacin The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Solifenacin.
Isopropamide The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Isopropamide.
Rapacuronium The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Rapacuronium.
Mepenzolate The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Mepenzolate.
Pizotifen The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Pizotifen.
Fesoterodine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Fesoterodine.
Hexocyclium The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Hexocyclium.
Dimetindene The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Dimetindene.
Aclidinium The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Aclidinium.
Dexetimide The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Dexetimide.
Benactyzine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Benactyzine.
Umeclidinium The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Umeclidinium.
Trimebutine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Trimebutine.
Dosulepin The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Dosulepin.
Imidafenacin The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Imidafenacin.
Butylscopolamine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Butylscopolamine.
Thonzylamine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Thonzylamine.
Methscopolamine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Methscopolamine.
Revefenacin The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Revefenacin.
Oxitropium The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Oxitropium.
Propiverine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Propiverine.
Batefenterol The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Batefenterol.
Mebeverine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Mebeverine.
Tropatepine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Tropatepine.
Prifinium The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Prifinium.
Piperidolate The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Piperidolate.
Benzilone The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Benzilone.
Difemerine The therapeutic efficacy of Sennosides can be decreased when used in combination with Difemerine.

Target Protein

Aquaporin-3 AQP3
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH pol

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 27765358
    Esposito F, Carli I, Del Vecchio C, Xu L, Corona A, Grandi N, Piano D, Maccioni E, Distinto S, Parolin C, Tramontano E: Sennoside A, derived from the traditional chinese medicine plant Rheum L., is a new dual HIV-1 inhibitor effective on HIV-1 replication. Phytomedicine. 2016 Nov 15;23(12):1383-1391. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.08.001. Epub 2016 Aug 10.
  • PMID: 24412547
    Kon R, Ikarashi N, Nagoya C, Takayama T, Kusunoki Y, Ishii M, Ueda H, Ochiai W, Machida Y, Sugita K, Sugiyama K: Rheinanthrone, a metabolite of sennoside A, triggers macrophage activation to decrease aquaporin-3 expression in the colon, causing the laxative effect of rhubarb extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014 Feb 27;152(1):190-200. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.055. Epub 2014 Jan 8.
  • PMID: 11523059
    van Gorkom BA, Karrenbeld A, van der Sluis T, Zwart N, de Vries EG, Kleibeuker JH: Apoptosis induction by sennoside laxatives in man; escape from a protective mechanism during chronic sennoside use? J Pathol. 2001 Aug;194(4):493-9.
  • PMID: 6117629
    Dreessen M, Eyssen H, Lemli J: The metabolism of sennosides A and B by the intestinal microflora: in vitro and in vivo studies on the rat and the mouse. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1981 Oct;33(10):679-81.
  • PMID: 3368517
    Mengs U: Toxic effects of sennosides in laboratory animals and in vitro. Pharmacology. 1988;36 Suppl 1:180-7.
  • PMID: 4929273
    Hardcastle JD, Wilkins JL: The action of sennosides and related compounds on human colon and rectum. Gut. 1970 Dec;11(12):1038-42.
  • PMID: 3368514
    de Witte P, Lemli J: Metabolism of 14C-rhein and 14C-rhein anthrone in rats. Pharmacology. 1988;36 Suppl 1:152-7.
  • PMID: 26185519
    Zhou YX, Xia W, Yue W, Peng C, Rahman K, Zhang H: Rhein: A Review of Pharmacological Activities. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:578107. doi: 10.1155/2015/578107. Epub 2015 Jun 22.
Menampilkan 8 dari 11 artikel.

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