Peringatan Keamanan

Oral LD50 and dermal LD50 in rat are reported to be 10,000 mg/kg ^F39. Oral TDLO in rat is 7 mg/kg MSDS. Oral and subcutaneous TDLO following continuous administration in rat are 476 mg/kg/4D and 4 mg/kg/2D, respectively MSDS. Cases of overdose have not been reported for enzacamene. Enzacamene is reported to be an endocrine disruptor that alters the reproductive axis.

Enzacamene

DB11219

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Commonly known as 4-methylbenzylidene-camphor (4-MBC), enzacamene is a camphor derivative and an organic chemical UV-B filter. It is used in cosmetic products such as sunscreen to provide skin protection against UV rays. While its effects on the human reproductive system as an endocrine disruptor are being investigated, its use in over-the-counter and cosmetic products is approved by Health Canada. Its tradenames include Eusolex 6300 (Merck) and Parsol 5000 (DSM).

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 254.373

Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The half life of enzacamene (4-MBC) and its main metabolite, 3-(4-carboxybenzylidene)camphor, displayed half-lives of approximately 15 h after reaching peak plasma concentrations after oral administration in rats [A32925].

Volume Distribusi No pharmacokinetic data available.

Klirens (Clearance) No pharmacokinetic data available.

Absorpsi

The maximum plasma concentration of enzacamene was 16ng/mL in healthy female volunteers following daily whole-body topical application of 2mg/cm^2 of sunscreen formulation at 10% (weight/weight) for four days ^A19212. Blood concentration of enzacamene (4-MBC) and its main metabolite, 3-(4-carboxybenzylidene)camphor, peaked within 10 h after oral administration of enzacamene ^A32925.

Metabolisme

Based on the findings of a rat pharmacokinetic study, it is proposed that absorbed enzacamene following oral administration undergo extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism ^A32925. Following oral administration of enzacamene (4-MBC) in rats, detected metabolites in the plasma and urine were 3-(4-carboxybenzylidene)camphor and as four isomers of 3-(4-carboxybenzylidene)hydroxycamphor containing the hydroxyl group located in the camphor ring system with 3-(4-carboxybenzylidene)-6-hydroxycamphor as the major metabolite. However the blood concentrations of 3-(4-carboxybenzylidene)-6-hydroxycamphor were below the limit of detection following peak concentration ^A32925. Via hydroxylation mediated by cytochrome P450 system, 3-(4-hydroxymethylbenzylidene)camphor is formed. This metabolite is further oxidized to 3-(4-carboxybenzylidene)camphor via oxidation of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, and may be further hydroxylated to form 3-(4-carboxybenzylidene)-6-hydroxycamphor mediated by CYP450 system ^A32925.

Rute Eliminasi

The urine concentration of 4 ng/mL and 4 ng/mL of enzacamene were observed in female and male volunteers, respectively ^A32922. In a rat pharmacokinetic study, most of orally administered enzacamene was recovered in in feces as 3-(4-carboxybenzylidene)camphor and, to a smaller extent, as 3-(4-carboxybenzylidene)-6-hydroxycamphor ^A32925. Glucuronides of both metabolites were also detectable in faces ^A32925. In urine, one isomer of 3-(4-carboxybenzylidene)hydroxycamphor was the predominant metabolite 3-(4-carboxybenzylidene)-6-hydroxycamphor, the other isomers and 3-(4-carboxybenzylidene)camphor were only minor metabolites excreted with urine ^A32925. Enterohepatic circulation of glucuronides derived from the two major 4-MBC metabolites may explain the slow excretion of 4-MBC metabolites with urine and the small percentage of the administered doses recovered in urine ^A32925.

Interaksi Obat

0 Data

Tidak ada data.

Target Protein

Progesterone receptor PGR

Androgen receptor AR

Estrogen receptor beta ESR2

Estrogen receptor ESR1

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 23320122
Latha MS, Martis J, Shobha V, Sham Shinde R, Bangera S, Krishnankutty B, Bellary S, Varughese S, Rao P, Naveen Kumar BR: Sunscreening agents: a review. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2013 Jan;6(1):16-26.
PMID: 19885997
Carou ME, Szwarcfarb B, Deguiz ML, Reynoso R, Carbone S, Moguilevsky JA, Scacchi P, Ponzo OJ: Impact of 4-methylbenzylidene-camphor (4-MBC) during embryonic and fetal development in the neuroendocrine regulation of testicular axis in prepubertal and peripubertal male rats. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2009 Oct;117(9):449-54.
PMID: 18221342
Janjua NR, Kongshoj B, Andersson AM, Wulf HC: Sunscreens in human plasma and urine after repeated whole-body topical application. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2008 Apr;22(4):456-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02492.x. Epub 2008 Jan 23.
PMID: 15589235
Klann A, Levy G, Lutz I, Muller C, Kloas W, Hildebrandt JP: Estrogen-like effects of ultraviolet screen 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)-camphor (Eusolex 6300) on cell proliferation and gene induction in mammalian and amphibian cells. Environ Res. 2005 Mar;97(3):274-81. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2004.07.004.
PMID: 26888529
Li VW, Tsui MP, Chen X, Hui MN, Jin L, Lam RH, Yu RM, Murphy MB, Cheng J, Lam PK, Cheng SH: Effects of 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) on neuronal and muscular development in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 May;23(9):8275-85. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-6180-9. Epub 2016 Feb 18.
PMID: 16806338
Volkel W, Colnot T, Schauer UM, Broschard TH, Dekant W: Toxicokinetics and biotransformation of 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)camphor in rats after oral administration. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006 Oct 15;216(2):331-8. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2006.05.012. Epub 2006 May 23.

Attachment

OPINION ON 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) - European Union

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 93 • International brands: 0

Produk

Anthelios L - Ecran Intolerances Solaires SPF 60

Cream • - • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
Anthelios L-lait Ecran Intol.solaire SPF 60

Lotion • - • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
Anthelios S - Ecran Solaire SPF 30

Cream • - • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
Anthelios-creme Solaire SPF 10

Cream • - • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
Anthelios-ecran Invisible SPF 20

Cream • - • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
Anthelios-lait Ecran Invisible SPF 20

Lotion • - • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
Anthelios-stick Ecran SPF 30

Stick • - • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
Antherpos-ceralip Solaire SPF 50

Cream • - • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved

Menampilkan 8 dari 93 produk.

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.