Oral LD50 value in rat is 2426 mg/kg MSDS. In fasted mice, the LD50 following oral administration was 2410 mg/kg F77. Higher doses of peppermint oil has the potential to induce menstruation, bronchospasm, tongue spasms, and, possibly, respiratory arrest A33055 in addition to potential hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity A33065.
Overdose may cause severe gastrointestinal symptoms, diarrhoea, rectal ulceration, epileptic convulsions, loss of consciousness, apnoea, nausea, disturbances in cardiac rhythms, ataxia and other CNS problems, probably due to the presence of menthol F78. In the event of overdose, the stomach should be emptied by gastric lavage. Observation should be carried out with symptomatic treatment if necessary F78. A near fatal case of high dose peppermint oil ingestion was reported, the overdose was characterized by comatose and reduced heart rate A33065.
Extracted from the stem, leaves, and flowers of Mentha piperita L. plant, peppermint oil (Mentha piperita) is a popular essential oil used in aromatherapy for both external and internal use. Mentha piperita is a hybrid of spearmint (Mentha spicata) and water mint (Mentha aquatica) A33065. Medicinal use of herbal ingredients such as peppermint oil has a long history of treating digestive disorders and upper respiratory symptoms and cough A33055. There are various over-the-counter and commercial uses of peppermint oil due to its carminative, cholagogue, antibacterial, secretolytic, and choleretic actions A33056. Peppermint oil contains pulegone, which is a naturally-occurring pesticide F77. Other active constituents of peppermint oil include DB00825, menthone, cineol, and several other volatile oils A33055, A33056.
Peppermint oil is used as a flavouring agent in foods and fragrance in hygienic or cosmetic products, and as an anti-itch and cooling agent in topical pharmaceutical products. It is also an active ingredient in topical analgesics for the relief of joint and muscle pain. Peppermint oil can be applied topically to temporarily relieve tension-type headache. The use of peppermint oil in the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been investigated in many clinical studies due to its relaxing effects on smooth muscle; however the evidence supporting this use is unclear. Due to its effectiveness in relaxing GI smooth muscle but ability to induce gastroesophageal reflux, enteric-coated formulations of peppermint oil has been established which bypass the upper GI tract unmetabolized, thereby facilitating its effect in the lower GI tract without effects in the upper tract A33055. Peppermint oil is safe and well-tolerated at commonly recommended dosage A33055.
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.
| Eliglustat | The metabolism of Eliglustat can be decreased when combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Ibrutinib | The metabolism of Ibrutinib can be decreased when combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Cilostazol | The metabolism of Cilostazol can be decreased when combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Colchicine | The metabolism of Colchicine can be decreased when combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Iloperidone | The metabolism of Iloperidone can be decreased when combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Retapamulin | The metabolism of Retapamulin can be decreased when combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Tofacitinib | The metabolism of Tofacitinib can be decreased when combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Vardenafil | The metabolism of Vardenafil can be decreased when combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Eszopiclone | The metabolism of Eszopiclone can be decreased when combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Zopiclone | The metabolism of Zopiclone can be decreased when combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Lovastatin | The metabolism of Lovastatin can be decreased when combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Zolmitriptan | The metabolism of Zolmitriptan can be decreased when combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Alfuzosin | The metabolism of Alfuzosin can be decreased when combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Alprazolam | The metabolism of Alprazolam can be decreased when combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Warfarin | The serum concentration of Warfarin can be increased when it is combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Acenocoumarol | The serum concentration of Acenocoumarol can be increased when it is combined with Peppermint oil. |
| (R)-warfarin | The serum concentration of (R)-warfarin can be increased when it is combined with Peppermint oil. |
| R,S-Warfarin alcohol | The serum concentration of R,S-Warfarin alcohol can be increased when it is combined with Peppermint oil. |
| S,R-Warfarin alcohol | The serum concentration of S,R-Warfarin alcohol can be increased when it is combined with Peppermint oil. |
| (S)-Warfarin | The serum concentration of (S)-Warfarin can be increased when it is combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Midazolam | The serum concentration of Midazolam can be increased when it is combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Tacrolimus | The serum concentration of Tacrolimus can be increased when it is combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Atorvastatin | The metabolism of Atorvastatin can be decreased when combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Aripiprazole | The metabolism of Aripiprazole can be decreased when combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Aripiprazole lauroxil | The metabolism of Aripiprazole lauroxil can be decreased when combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Prucalopride | The metabolism of Prucalopride can be decreased when combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Ropinirole | The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Peppermint oil is combined with Ropinirole. |
| Voxelotor | The serum concentration of Voxelotor can be increased when it is combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Levamlodipine | The serum concentration of Levamlodipine can be increased when it is combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Tramadol | The metabolism of Tramadol can be decreased when combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Haloperidol | The serum concentration of Haloperidol can be increased when it is combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Finerenone | The serum concentration of Finerenone can be increased when it is combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Roflumilast | The serum concentration of Roflumilast can be increased when it is combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Enzalutamide | The serum concentration of Enzalutamide can be increased when it is combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Dronabinol | The serum concentration of Dronabinol can be increased when it is combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Clozapine | The serum concentration of Clozapine can be increased when it is combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Doxorubicin | The serum concentration of Doxorubicin can be increased when it is combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Fezolinetant | The serum concentration of Fezolinetant can be increased when it is combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Fluticasone furoate | The serum concentration of Fluticasone furoate can be increased when it is combined with Peppermint oil. |
| Gepirone | The serum concentration of Gepirone can be increased when it is combined with Peppermint oil. |