Peringatan Keamanan

Oral LD50 is 16500 mg/kg in rat MSDS. At high dosages, xylitol can cause diarrhea in children at 45 g/d and 100 g/d in adults A22081.

Xylitol

DB11195

small molecule experimental investigational

Deskripsi

Xylitol is a naturally occurring five-carbon sugar alcohol found in most plant material, including many fruits and vegetables. Xylitol-rich plant materials include birch and beechwood A22081. It is widely used as a sugar substitute and in "sugar-free" food products. The effects of xylitol on dental caries have been widely studied, and xylitol is added to some chewing gums and other oral care products to prevent tooth decay and dry mouth. Xylitol is a non-fermentable sugar alcohol by most plaque bacteria, indicating that it cannot be fermented into cariogenic acid end-products A32423. It works by inhibiting the growth of the microorganisms present in plaque and saliva after it accummulates intracellularly into the microorganism A32423. The recommended dose of xylitol for dental caries prevention is 6–10 g/day, and most adults can tolerate 40 g/day without adverse events A22081.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 152.1458
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: ObatTargetGenEnzim(Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi)TransporterCarrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) No pharmacokinetic data available.
Volume Distribusi No pharmacokinetic data available.
Klirens (Clearance) No pharmacokinetic data available.

Absorpsi

Xylitol is absorbed in the small intestine via passive diffusion with a slow absorption rate A22081.

Metabolisme

In mammals, xylitol is mainly metabolized in the liver where it is oxidized to D-xylulose by xylitol dehydrogenase and cofactor NAD. D-xyluose is further phosphorylated and metabolized by xylulose kinase to xylulose 5-phosphate (Xu5P), an intermediate of the nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway A32429. Xu5P is reported to activate nuclear transport and the DNA-binding activities of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) via activation of activation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in vitro A32429. Activation of ChREBP thereby upregulates the gene transcription of lipogenic enzymes in vitro, which may stimulate lipogenesis in the liver A32429.

Rute Eliminasi

No pharmacokinetic data available.

Interaksi Obat

0 Data
Tidak ada data.

Target Protein

Xylose isomerase xylA
Xylose isomerase xylA
Xylose isomerase xylA
Xylose isomerase xylA
Hyaluronate lyase

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 25422590
    Nayak PA, Nayak UA, Khandelwal V: The effect of xylitol on dental caries and oral flora. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2014 Nov 10;6:89-94. doi: 10.2147/CCIDE.S55761. eCollection 2014.
  • PMID: 21311610
    Soderling E, Hirvonen A, Karjalainen S, Fontana M, Catt D, Seppa L: The effect of xylitol on the composition of the oral flora: a pilot study. Eur J Dent. 2011 Jan;5(1):24-31.
  • PMID: 9003237
    Trahan L, Bourgeau G, Breton R: Emergence of multiple xylitol-resistant (fructose PTS-) mutants from human isolates of mutans streptococci during growth on dietary sugars in the presence of xylitol. J Dent Res. 1996 Nov;75(11):1892-900. doi: 10.1177/00220345960750111201.
  • PMID: 7607748
    Trahan L: Xylitol: a review of its action on mutans streptococci and dental plaque--its clinical significance. Int Dent J. 1995 Feb;45(1 Suppl 1):77-92.
  • PMID: 14700079
    Miake Y, Saeki Y, Takahashi M, Yanagisawa T: Remineralization effects of xylitol on demineralized enamel. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo). 2003;52(5):471-6.
  • PMID: 21765599
    Amo K, Arai H, Uebanso T, Fukaya M, Koganei M, Sasaki H, Yamamoto H, Taketani Y, Takeda E: Effects of xylitol on metabolic parameters and visceral fat accumulation. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2011 Jul;49(1):1-7. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.10-111. Epub 2011 Jun 17.

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Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.
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