Peringatan Keamanan

Calcium L-threonate has low oral acute toxicity, with no adverse effects observed at doses as high as 40 g/kg bw in mice or 32 g/kg bw in rats ^L2463. In a subchronic study of rats, the NOAEL of 4 g/kg bw/day was reported with the occurrence of reversible effects on blood coagulation and accretion of the thyroid gland ^L2463. Studies in vitro and in vivo suggest that calcium L-threonate is unlikely to have genotoxic, carcinogenic, or mutagenic potential as L-threonate is an endogenous compound in the body ^L2463. Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies in mice indicated that calcium L-threonate in doses up to 6 g/kg bw/day has no adverse effect on the fertility and the developing fetus, and did not cause maternal toxicity ^L2463.

Calcium threonate

DB11168

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Calcium threonate is a calcium salt of threnoic acid and a novel drug developed for the treatment of osteoporosis and as a calcium supplement ^A27266. It is found in dietary supplements as a source of L-threonate used in the treatment of calcium deficiency and prevention of osteoporosis. The most common form is calcium L-threonate, or (2R,3S)-2,3,4-trihydroxy butyric acid calcium ^A27266. L-threonate is an active metabolite of vitamin C that mediates a stimulatory action on vitamin C uptake ^A27266. Therapeutic efficacy of calcium threonate in reducing was studied and investigated due to the hypothesis that it may play a role in the mineralization process through its positive action on vitamin C.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 310.268

Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The terminal-phase elimination half-life following a single oral dose of 2025 mg calcium theronate in healthy adult Chinese subjects was approximately 2.7 hours [A27266].

Volume Distribusi The apparent total volume of distribution following a single oral dose of 2025 mg calcium theronate in healthy adult Chinese subjects was approximately 53.6 L [A27266].

Klirens (Clearance) Apparent total clearance following a single oral dose of 2025 mg calcium theronate in healthy adult Chinese subjects was approximately 14.5 L/h [A27266].

Absorpsi

Human studies demonstrate that calcium from calcium L-threonate is absorbed ^L2463. In an open-label, single- and multiple-dose study of healthy adult Chinese subjects receiving a single oral dose of 2025 mg calcium theronate, the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 32.3 mg/L ^A27266. The time to reach peak plasma concentration (Tmax) was approximately 2 hours ^A27266.

Metabolisme

Data metabolisme tidak tersedia.

Rute Eliminasi

The presence of threonic acid in human urine has been identified ^L2463. In a pharmacokinetic study of rats receiving 200 mg/kg bw of calcium threonate orally, approximately 30% of the calcium was excreted in the urine, around 40% was eliminated in the faeces, and about 10 -20% remained in the blood and bone, and about 10% was stored in organs after 24 hours of administration ^L2463.

Interaksi Obat

0 Data

Tidak ada data.

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 21986570
Wang HY, Hu P, Jiang J: Pharmacokinetics and safety of calcium L-threonate in healthy volunteers after single and multiple oral administrations. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2011 Dec;32(12):1555-60. doi: 10.1038/aps.2011.138. Epub 2011 Oct 10.

Link

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA): Opinion on Calcium L-threonate for use as a source of calcium in food supplements

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 16 • International brands: 0

Produk

Corvite 150

Tablet, coated • - • Oral • US
Corvite FE

Tablet, coated • - • Oral • US
Corvite FE

Tablet, coated • - • Oral • US
Ferrex 150 Forte Plus

Capsule • - • Oral • US
Folcaps Care One

Capsule, gelatin coated • - • Oral • US
Folcaps Omega-3

Capsule, gelatin coated • - • Oral • US
Iron Aspartate Glycinate and Polysaccharide Complex, Ascorbic Calcium, Vitamin B12, Folic Acid, Calcium Threonate and Succinic Acid

Capsule • - • Oral • US
Iron Aspartate, Glycinate, Ascorbic Calcium, Vitamin B12, Calcium Threonate and Succinic Acid

Tablet • - • Oral • US

Menampilkan 8 dari 16 produk.

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.