Peringatan Keamanan

Pectin is a substance determined to be safe.

Pectin

DB11158

biotech approved investigational vet_approved

Deskripsi

Pectin is a heteropolysaccharide commercially derived from the cell wall of higher plants.^A32327 It is composed of partially methylated polygalacturonic acid units linked in the positions 1-4.^L1961 The carboxylic group of the constituents of pectin can exist in the form of esters, free acids, ammonium, potassium or sodium salts or as acid amides. Under the FDA regulation, pectin qualifies as a GRAS (generally recognized as safe) food substance. This status allows pectin to be used with no limitations.^L1960

Struktur Molekul 2D

Struktur tidak tersedia

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Pharmacokinetic studies have not been performed as pectin is not absorbed.

Volume Distribusi Pharmacokinetic studies have not been performed as pectin is not absorbed.

Klirens (Clearance) Pharmacokinetic studies have not been performed as pectin is not absorbed.

Absorpsi

Pectin is not absorbed and it is not distributed in the body.T150

Metabolisme

Pectin is depolymerized and de-esterified to a very small extent. It passes to the small intestine as a macromolecule and the majority of the pectin is eliminated unchanged.^L1962

Rute Eliminasi

Pectin is completely excreted in the feces, including a small amount of trigalacturonic acid that can be found in the colon.T150

Interaksi Obat

0 Data

Tidak ada data.

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 9067088
Thakur BR, Singh RK, Handa AK: Chemistry and uses of pectin--a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 1997 Feb;37(1):47-73.
PMID: 24864109
Wikiera A, Irla M, Mika M: Health-promoting properties of pectin. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2014 Jan 2;68:590-6. doi: 10.5604/17322693.1102342.
PMID: 26069505
Verma AK, Kumar A: Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of negatively charged pectin nanoparticles encapsulating paclitaxel. Cancer Nanotechnol. 2013;4(4-5):99-102. doi: 10.1007/s12645-013-0041-8. Epub 2013 Jun 12.
PMID: 22190137
Brouns F, Theuwissen E, Adam A, Bell M, Berger A, Mensink RP: Cholesterol-lowering properties of different pectin types in mildly hyper-cholesterolemic men and women. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012 May;66(5):591-9. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.208. Epub 2011 Dec 21.

Textbook

Kluwer W. (2008). Clinical pharmacology made incredibly easy (3rd ed.). Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

Link

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 107 • International brands: 0

Produk

Benylin DM With Pectin Freezer Pops

Liquid • - • Oral • Canada • OTC • Approved
Berry Breezer Throat Drop

Lozenge • 7 mg/1 • Oral • US • OTC
Berry Breezer Throat Drops

Lozenge • 7 mg/1 • Oral • US • OTC
Berry Breezer Throat Drops

Lozenge • 7 mg/1 • Oral • US • OTC
Berry Breezer Throat Relief Drop

Lozenge • 7 mg/1 • Oral • US • OTC
Berry Soother Throat Drops

Lozenge • 7 mg/1 • Oral • US • OTC
Berry Throat Drop

Lozenge • 7 mg/1 • Oral • US • OTC
Best Health Berry Soothers Throat Drops

Lozenge • 7 mg/1 • Oral • US • OTC

Menampilkan 8 dari 107 produk.

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.