Peringatan Keamanan

Some mild adverse effects include alterations in nail coloring, hair coloring, increase in photosensitivity, and skin irritation L1933.

The most common side effects of anthralin are skin irritation and staining of nearby skin, nails, clothing, and other objects that come in contact with the treated patient. The incidence of irritation of psoriatic/surrounding healthy skin is higher in patients who leave anthralin on the skin without rinsing than in those who use short-contact therapy of 2 hours or less, followed by rinsing L1939.

If the psoriatic plaques are well circumscribed, the surrounding normal skin may be protected by the use of a coating agent such as zinc oxide ointment. Anthralin should be applied cautiously to the face and intertriginous areas due to the risk of severe skin irritation L1979.

There is no current evidence of any long-term anthralin toxicity related either to skin exposure or to systemic issues L1939.
Some long-term studies in mice have demonstrated anthralin to be tumorigenic in mouse skin. This carcinogenic potential has not been thoroughly evaluated. Tumorigenic and carcinogenic effects of anthralin have not been observed in humans at this time L1932. Anthralin is classified as FDA pregnancy risk category C drug L1979. It is not known if anthralin can cause fetal harm when administered during gestation. Because of the lack of evidential human data, anthralin should be used during pregnancy only when clearly required L1933.

Anthralin

DB11157

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Anthralin (1,8?dihydroxy?9anthrone, dithranol) is an older anti-psoriatic agent that was first synthesized as a derivative of chrysarobin, obtained from the araroba tree in Brazil over 100 years ago. Adverse effects of anthralin include irritation and discoloration of the skin A27277.

This specific property of the molecule inspired workers to study details of its pharmacology. It is important to consider that the drug is relatively innocuous, yet effective, and systemic side effects have not been observed with this anthralin, in contrast to a wide variety of systemic and topical therapies for psoriasis L1935.

Anthralin is also known as dithranol. It is a main active ingredient in topical skin formulations for the treatment of psoriasis. Various formulations of the drug are available, including solutions, foams, and shampoos L1979. The chemical structure of anthralin allows for dual solubility, permitting the compound to be absorbed well through the epidermis A27276.

Anthralin has also been studied in the treatment of warts, showing promising results A32307. Salicylic acid is frequently added to anthralin to augment the stability of anthralin and to increase its penetration and efficacy L1979.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 226.231
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: ObatTargetGenEnzim(Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi)TransporterCarrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) -
Volume Distribusi -
Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

Anthralin penetrates damaged skin and psoriatic lesions faster and to a greater extent than normal skin, likely due to increased vascularity of psoriatic lesions L1932.

Metabolisme

Anthralin is administered topically. Although the extent of systemic absorption after topical application has not been determined, no traces of anthraquinone metabolites were detected in the urine of treated subjects in a limited clinical study of anthralin cream L1932, L1933. Anthralin does not inhibit hepatic microsomal enzyme activity L1933.

Rute Eliminasi

Data eliminasi belum tersedia.

Interaksi Obat

0 Data
Tidak ada data.

Target Protein

Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal KRT2
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 12 KRT12
C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 1 MAPK8IP1

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 6309924
    Ashton RE, Andre P, Lowe NJ, Whitefield M: Anthralin: historical and current perspectives. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1983 Aug;9(2):173-92.
  • PMID: 25208745
    Sehgal VN, Verma P, Khurana A: Anthralin/dithranol in dermatology. Int J Dermatol. 2014 Oct;53(10):e449-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05611.x. Epub 2014 Sep 10.
  • PMID: 6203313
    Flindt-Hansen H, Tikjob G, Brandrup F: Wart treatment with anthralin. Acta Derm Venereol. 1984;64(2):177-9.
  • PMID: 15802490
    McGill A, Frank A, Emmett N, Turnbull DM, Birch-Machin MA, Reynolds NJ: The anti-psoriatic drug anthralin accumulates in keratinocyte mitochondria, dissipates mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces apoptosis through a pathway dependent on respiratory competent mitochondria. FASEB J. 2005 Jun;19(8):1012-4. doi: 10.1096/fj.04-2664fje. Epub 2005 Mar 31.
  • PMID: 125665
    Diezel W, Meffert H, Sonnichsen N: Study on the mode of action of dithranol: increased lipid peroxidation and enzyme inhibition. Dermatologica. 1975;150(3):154-62.
  • PMID: 10733674
    Peus D, Beyerle A, Rittner HL, Pott M, Meves A, Weyand C, Pittelkow MR: Anti-psoriatic drug anthralin activates JNK via lipid peroxidation: mononuclear cells are more sensitive than keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 2000 Apr;114(4):688-92. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00934.x.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 11 • International brands: 0
Produk
  • Anthraforte 1 Ointment 1%
    Ointment • 1 % • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
  • Anthraforte 2 Ointment 2%
    Ointment • 2 % • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
  • Anthranol Cream 0.1%
    Cream • 0.1 % • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
  • Anthranol Cream 0.2%
    Cream • 0.2 % • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
  • Anthranol Cream 0.4%
    Cream • 0.4 % • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
  • Anthrascalp Lotion 0.4%
    Lotion • 0.4 % • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
  • Dritho-creme Hp
    Cream • 1 g/100g • Topical • US
  • Micanol 3% Cream
    Cream • 3 % • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
Menampilkan 8 dari 11 produk.

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