Peringatan Keamanan

No studies are currently identified regarding the reproduction/developmental toxicity of potassium hydroxide ^L1955.

The Ld50 of potassium hydroxide in rats ranges from 0.273 - 1.230 g KOH/kg body weight/day ^L1942.

Adverse effects include vomiting, diarrhea, skin blistering, gastrointestinal disturbance, and burns ^L1945.

Strong alkaline chemicals such as potassium hydroxide destroy soft tissues may cause a deep, penetrating type of burn. Caustics are usually hydroxides of light metals. Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are the most broadly used caustic agents in the industry ^L1952.

Potassium Hydroxide can irritate the lungs. Repeated exposure may cause bronchitis to develop with coughing, phlegm, and/or shortness of breath ^L1950.

Potassium hydroxide

DB11153

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Potassium hydroxide, also known as lye is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula KOH. Also commonly referred to as caustic potash, it is a potent base that is marketed in several forms including pellets, flakes, and powders. It is used in various chemical, industrial and manufacturing applications. Potassium hydroxide is also a precursor to other potassium compounds. Potassium hydroxide is used in food to adjust pH, as a stabilizer, and as a thickening agent.L1946,L1951 This ingredient has been considered as generally safe as a direct human food ingredient by the FDA, based upon the observance of several good manufacturing practice conditions of use.^L1943

In addition to the above uses, potassium hydroxide is also used in making soap, as an electrolyte in alkaline batteries and in electroplating, lithography, and paint and varnish removers. Liquid drain cleaners contain 25 to 36% of potassium hydroxide ^L1946.

Medically, potassium hydroxide (KOH) is widely used in the wet mount preparation of various clinical specimens for microscopic visualization of fungi and fungal elements in skin, hair, nails, and even vaginal secretions ^A32324, ^L1946.

Recently, it has been studied for efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of warts. It was determined that topical KOH solution was found to be a safe and effective treatment of plane warts ^L1941.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 56.1056

Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) -

Volume Distribusi -

Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

KOH in aqueous solutions completely dissociates into K+ and OH- ions. Because of the neutralization of OH- by gastric HCl and the rapid blood pH regulation action (buffer capacity of extracellular body fluids, respiratory and renal compensation mechanisms), an alkalosis due to the OH- ions after KOH oral dosage in non-irritating conditions is thus prevented ^L1942. The uptake of potassium, in potassium hydroxide form, is much less than the oral uptake with therapeutic doses of KCl for treating potassium deficiency, of up to 10 g/day. Furthermore, the oral uptake of potassium from food/natural sources or from food additives is likely to be also much higher ^L1942.

Metabolisme

KOH in aqueous solution is entirely dissociated into K+ and OH- ions. Due to the neutralization of OH- by gastric HCl and the quick and efficient blood pH regulation mechanisms (buffer capacity of extra cellular body fluids, respiratory and renal compensation mechanisms), an alkalosis due to the OH- ions after KOH oral dosage in non-irritating conditions is prevented ^L1955.

Rute Eliminasi

Data eliminasi belum tersedia.

Interaksi Obat

286 Data

Ramipril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Ramipril.
Fosinopril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Fosinopril.
Trandolapril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Trandolapril.
Benazepril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Benazepril.
Enalapril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Enalapril.
Moexipril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Moexipril.
Lisinopril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Lisinopril.
Perindopril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Perindopril.
Quinapril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Quinapril.
Omapatrilat	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Omapatrilat.
Rescinnamine	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Rescinnamine.
Captopril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Captopril.
Cilazapril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Cilazapril.
Spirapril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Spirapril.
Temocapril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Temocapril.
Enalaprilat	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Enalaprilat.
Imidapril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Imidapril.
Zofenopril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Zofenopril.
Delapril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Delapril.
Benazeprilat	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Benazeprilat.
Fosinoprilat	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Fosinoprilat.
Ramiprilat	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Ramiprilat.
Trandolaprilat	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Trandolaprilat.
Moexiprilat	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Moexiprilat.
Perindoprilat	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Perindoprilat.
Quinaprilat	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Quinaprilat.
Cilazaprilat	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Cilazaprilat.
Triamterene	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Triamterene.
Spironolactone	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Spironolactone.
Amiloride	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Amiloride.
Eplerenone	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Eplerenone.
Canrenoic acid	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Canrenoic acid.
Canrenone	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium hydroxide is combined with Canrenone.
Valsartan	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Valsartan.
Olmesartan	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Olmesartan.
Losartan	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Losartan.
Candesartan cilexetil	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Candesartan cilexetil.
Eprosartan	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Eprosartan.
Telmisartan	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Telmisartan.
Irbesartan	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Irbesartan.
Forasartan	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Forasartan.
Saprisartan	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Saprisartan.
Tasosartan	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Tasosartan.
Saralasin	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Saralasin.
Azilsartan medoxomil	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Azilsartan medoxomil.
Fimasartan	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Fimasartan.
Candesartan	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Candesartan.
Cyclosporine	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Cyclosporine.
Icosapent	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Icosapent.
Esmolol	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Esmolol.
Betaxolol	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Betaxolol.
Fluconazole	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Fluconazole.
Succinylcholine	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Succinylcholine.
Mesalazine	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Mesalazine.
Metoprolol	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Metoprolol.
Indomethacin	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Indomethacin.
Atenolol	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Atenolol.
Timolol	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Timolol.
Digoxin	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Digoxin.
Ardeparin	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Ardeparin.
Trimethoprim	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Trimethoprim.
Nabumetone	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Nabumetone.
Ketorolac	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Ketorolac.
Tenoxicam	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Tenoxicam.
Celecoxib	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Celecoxib.
Sotalol	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Sotalol.
Tolmetin	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Tolmetin.
Rofecoxib	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Rofecoxib.
Piroxicam	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Piroxicam.
Propranolol	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Propranolol.
Fenoprofen	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Fenoprofen.
Valdecoxib	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Valdecoxib.
Diclofenac	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Diclofenac.
Labetalol	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Labetalol.
Sulindac	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Sulindac.
Bisoprolol	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Bisoprolol.
Nitrofurantoin	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Nitrofurantoin.
Flurbiprofen	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Flurbiprofen.
Pentamidine	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Pentamidine.
Etodolac	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Etodolac.
Mefenamic acid	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Mefenamic acid.
Naproxen	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Naproxen.
Sulfasalazine	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Sulfasalazine.
Phenylbutazone	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Phenylbutazone.
Meloxicam	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Meloxicam.
Carprofen	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Carprofen.
Diflunisal	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Diflunisal.
Tacrolimus	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Tacrolimus.
Alprenolol	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Alprenolol.
Salicylic acid	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Salicylic acid.
Meclofenamic acid	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Meclofenamic acid.
Acetylsalicylic acid	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Acetylsalicylic acid.
Pindolol	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Pindolol.
Oxaprozin	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Oxaprozin.
Ketoprofen	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Ketoprofen.
Balsalazide	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Balsalazide.
Sulfamethoxazole	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Sulfamethoxazole.
Ketoconazole	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Ketoconazole.
Ibuprofen	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Ibuprofen.
Heparin	Potassium hydroxide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Heparin.

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 11750165
Parija SC, Shivaprakash MR: Evaluation of potassium hydroxide for wet mount preparation of stool for detection of intestinal parasites. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2001 Nov;41(3):127-30.

Link

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