Peringatan Keamanan

Oral LD50 of 6700mg/kg in rats MSDS. Selenium exposure is teratogenic and can result in fetal death as tested in mice. Chronic toxicity is characterized by hair loss, white horizontal streaking on fingernails, paronchyia, fatigue, irritability, hyperreflexia, nausea, vomiting, garlic odor on breath, and metallic taste FDA Label. Serum selenium correlates weakly with symtoms. Blood chemistry as well as liver and kidney function are normally unnaffected. Acute toxicity presents as stupor, respiratory depression, and hypotension. ST elevations and t-wave changes characteristic of myocardial infarction may be observed.

Selenium

DB11135

small molecule approved investigational vet_approved

Deskripsi

Selenium is a trace metal in the human body particularly important as a component of glutathione peroxidase, an important enzyme in the prevention of cellular damage by free radicals and reactive oxygen species FDA Label

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 78.96
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Half life was observed to increase with chronic dosing time [A19385]. For day 1-2 half life was 1.7 days. For day 2-3 half life was 3 days. For day 3-14 half life was 11.1 days.
Volume Distribusi -
Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

Oral bioavailability of 90% when given as L-selenomethionine A19385. Tmax of 9.17h.

Metabolisme

Selenium supplements are typically available in the form of sodium selenite which is metabolized to selenide through either glutathione conjugation and subsequent reduction by glutathione reductase enzymes or reduction by thioredoxin reductases A19375. Selenide is further metabolized to selenocystein by cysteine synthases and to selenophosphate by selenophosphate synthases. Selenide is also metabolized progressively to methyl-selenol, dimethyl selenide, then trimethylselenonium. Selenocysteine is degraded to methyl-selenol, pyruvate and ammonia by cysteine beta lyase. Selenocystein reacts with oxygen to form selenocysteine selenoxide which spontaneously degrades to methylselenic acid, pyruvate and ammonia. Methylselenic acid can be converted to methylselenol via conjugation with thiol groups on proteins like glutathione.

Rute Eliminasi

Mainly excreted in urine as 1beta-methylseleno-N-acetyl-d-galactosamine and trimethylselenonium A19383. The amount excreted as 1beta-methylseleno-N-acetyl-d-galactosamine plateaus at doses around 2microg after which the amount excreted as trimethylselenonium increases. Some selenium is also excreted in feces when given orally A19385.

Interaksi Obat

715 Data
Deferiprone Selenium can cause a decrease in the absorption of Deferiprone resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Eltrombopag The bioavailability of Selenium can be decreased when combined with Eltrombopag.
Dolutegravir The serum concentration of Dolutegravir can be decreased when it is combined with Selenium.
Cyclosporine Cyclosporine may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotiam Cefotiam may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Mesalazine Mesalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefmenoxime Cefmenoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefmetazole Cefmetazole may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Pamidronic acid Pamidronic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Tenofovir disoproxil Tenofovir disoproxil may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Indomethacin Indomethacin may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cidofovir Cidofovir may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefpiramide Cefpiramide may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftazidime Ceftazidime may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Loracarbef Loracarbef may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefalotin Cefalotin may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Nabumetone Nabumetone may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Ketorolac Ketorolac may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Tenoxicam Tenoxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Celecoxib Celecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotaxime Cefotaxime may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Tolmetin Tolmetin may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Foscarnet Foscarnet may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Rofecoxib Rofecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Piroxicam Piroxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Methotrexate Methotrexate may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephalexin Cephalexin may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Fenoprofen Fenoprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Valaciclovir Valaciclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Valdecoxib Valdecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Diclofenac Diclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Sulindac Sulindac may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Bacitracin Bacitracin may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Amphotericin B Amphotericin B may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephaloglycin Cephaloglycin may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Adefovir dipivoxil Adefovir dipivoxil may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Pentamidine Pentamidine may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Etodolac Etodolac may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Mefenamic acid Mefenamic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Acyclovir Acyclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Naproxen Naproxen may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Meloxicam Meloxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Carprofen Carprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefaclor Cefaclor may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Diflunisal Diflunisal may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Tacrolimus Tacrolimus may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceforanide Ceforanide may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Salicylic acid Salicylic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Acetylsalicylic acid Acetylsalicylic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Carboplatin Carboplatin may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Oxaprozin Oxaprozin may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Ketoprofen Ketoprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Balsalazide Balsalazide may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Ibuprofen Ibuprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefditoren Cefditoren may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Atazanavir Atazanavir may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Colistimethate Colistimethate may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefuroxime Cefuroxime may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefapirin Cefapirin may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefadroxil Cefadroxil may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefprozil Cefprozil may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftriaxone Ceftriaxone may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Olsalazine Olsalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Lumiracoxib Lumiracoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefamandole Cefamandole may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefazolin Cefazolin may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefonicid Cefonicid may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefoperazone Cefoperazone may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotetan Cefotetan may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefoxitin Cefoxitin may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftizoxime Ceftizoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefradine Cefradine may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Magnesium salicylate Magnesium salicylate may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Salsalate Salsalate may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Choline magnesium trisalicylate Choline magnesium trisalicylate may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefepime Cefepime may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefacetrile Cefacetrile may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftibuten Ceftibuten may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefpodoxime Cefpodoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Antrafenine Antrafenine may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Aminophenazone Aminophenazone may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Antipyrine Antipyrine may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Tiaprofenic acid Tiaprofenic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Lopinavir Lopinavir may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Etoricoxib Etoricoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Hydrolyzed Cephalothin Hydrolyzed Cephalothin may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephalothin Group Cephalothin Group may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Latamoxef Latamoxef may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Nimesulide Nimesulide may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Benoxaprofen Benoxaprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Metamizole Metamizole may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Zomepirac Zomepirac may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftobiprole Ceftobiprole may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Cimicoxib Cimicoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftaroline fosamil Ceftaroline fosamil may decrease the excretion rate of Selenium which could result in a higher serum level.

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 10469608
    Ganther HE: Selenium metabolism, selenoproteins and mechanisms of cancer prevention: complexities with thioredoxin reductase. Carcinogenesis. 1999 Sep;20(9):1657-66.
  • PMID: 16105679
    Brenneisen P, Steinbrenner H, Sies H: Selenium, oxidative stress, and health aspects. Mol Aspects Med. 2005 Aug-Oct;26(4-5):256-67.
  • PMID: 17322393
    Zhang H, Luo Y, Zhang W, He Y, Dai S, Zhang R, Huang Y, Bernatchez P, Giordano FJ, Shadel G, Sessa WC, Min W: Endothelial-specific expression of mitochondrial thioredoxin improves endothelial cell function and reduces atherosclerotic lesions. Am J Pathol. 2007 Mar;170(3):1108-20.
  • PMID: 15213043
    Broome CS, McArdle F, Kyle JA, Andrews F, Lowe NM, Hart CA, Arthur JR, Jackson MJ: An increase in selenium intake improves immune function and poliovirus handling in adults with marginal selenium status. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jul;80(1):154-62.
  • PMID: 15657339
    Lippman SM, Goodman PJ, Klein EA, Parnes HL, Thompson IM Jr, Kristal AR, Santella RM, Probstfield JL, Moinpour CM, Albanes D, Taylor PR, Minasian LM, Hoque A, Thomas SM, Crowley JJ, Gaziano JM, Stanford JL, Cook ED, Fleshner NE, Lieber MM, Walther PJ, Khuri FR, Karp DD, Schwartz GG, Ford LG, Coltman CA Jr: Designing the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005 Jan 19;97(2):94-102.
  • PMID: 15963339
    Suzuki KT, Kurasaki K, Okazaki N, Ogra Y: Selenosugar and trimethylselenonium among urinary Se metabolites: dose- and age-related changes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005 Aug 1;206(1):1-8. Epub 2004 Dec 8.
  • PMID: 19568888
    Tinggi U: Selenium: its role as antioxidant in human health. Environ Health Prev Med. 2008 Mar;13(2):102-8. doi: 10.1007/s12199-007-0019-4. Epub 2008 Feb 28.
  • PMID: 19109661
    Bugel S, Larsen EH, Sloth JJ, Flytlie K, Overvad K, Steenberg LC, Moesgaard S: Absorption, excretion, and retention of selenium from a high selenium yeast in men with a high intake of selenium. Food Nutr Res. 2008;52. doi: 10.3402/fnr.v52i0.1642. Epub 2008 Feb 12.

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