Peringatan Keamanan

Potassium bicarbonate does not contain any toxic chemicals and it is not listed as a carcinogenic or a potential carcinogen.^L1837 Potassium bicarbonate is also considered safe in pregnancy as the current data do not suggest a teratogenic potential or any developmental toxicity.T142

Potassium bicarbonate

DB11098

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Potassium bicarbonate is a white, crystalline, slightly alkaline and salty substance. It is produced by the passage of carbon dioxide through an aqueous potassium carbonate solution. It is used in medicine as an antacid.T141 It is registered in the FDA under the section of suitable, safe and effective ingredients for OTC antacids.^L1836 This FDA denomination classifies potassium bicarbonate as a GRAS ingredient.^L1837

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 100.1151

Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Some reports have shown that after absorption, most body potassium exchanges rapidly with a half-life of less than 7 hours.[A32222]

Volume Distribusi -

Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

Potassium bicarbonate intake is done mainly in the small intestine in which approximately 90% of the potassium will be absorbed by passive diffusion.^A32222

Metabolisme

Data metabolisme tidak tersedia.

Rute Eliminasi

Approximately 90% of the exogenous potassium consumed is lost in the urine while the other 10% is excreted in feces and a very small amount can be found in the sweat. The excreted potassium is freely filtered by the glomerulus of the kidney.^A32222

Interaksi Makanan

3 Data

1. Avoid potassium-containing products. Excess potassium intake may cause hyperkalemia. Avoid salt substitutes like potassium chloride (KCl).
2. Take with a full glass of water. Dissolve the 10 mEq tablet in at least 2-3 oz of fluid, and the 20 mEq tablet in at least 3-4 oz of liquid (juice or water).
3. Take with food.

Interaksi Obat

875 Data

Ramipril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Ramipril.
Fosinopril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Fosinopril.
Trandolapril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Trandolapril.
Benazepril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Benazepril.
Enalapril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Enalapril.
Moexipril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Moexipril.
Lisinopril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Lisinopril.
Perindopril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Perindopril.
Quinapril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Quinapril.
Omapatrilat	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Omapatrilat.
Rescinnamine	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Rescinnamine.
Captopril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Captopril.
Cilazapril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Cilazapril.
Spirapril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Spirapril.
Temocapril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Temocapril.
Enalaprilat	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Enalaprilat.
Imidapril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Imidapril.
Zofenopril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Zofenopril.
Delapril	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Delapril.
Benazeprilat	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Benazeprilat.
Fosinoprilat	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Fosinoprilat.
Ramiprilat	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Ramiprilat.
Trandolaprilat	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Trandolaprilat.
Moexiprilat	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Moexiprilat.
Perindoprilat	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Perindoprilat.
Quinaprilat	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Quinaprilat.
Cilazaprilat	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Cilazaprilat.
Triamterene	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Triamterene.
Spironolactone	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Spironolactone.
Amiloride	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Amiloride.
Eplerenone	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Eplerenone.
Canrenoic acid	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Canrenoic acid.
Canrenone	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Potassium bicarbonate is combined with Canrenone.
Cefotiam	Cefotiam may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefmenoxime	Cefmenoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefmetazole	Cefmetazole may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Pamidronic acid	Pamidronic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Tenofovir disoproxil	Tenofovir disoproxil may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cidofovir	Cidofovir may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefpiramide	Cefpiramide may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftazidime	Ceftazidime may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Loracarbef	Loracarbef may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefalotin	Cefalotin may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotaxime	Cefotaxime may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Foscarnet	Foscarnet may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Methotrexate	Methotrexate may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephalexin	Cephalexin may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Valaciclovir	Valaciclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Bacitracin	Bacitracin may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Amphotericin B	Amphotericin B may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephaloglycin	Cephaloglycin may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Adefovir dipivoxil	Adefovir dipivoxil may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Acyclovir	Acyclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefaclor	Cefaclor may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceforanide	Ceforanide may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Carboplatin	Carboplatin may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefditoren	Cefditoren may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Atazanavir	Atazanavir may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Colistimethate	Colistimethate may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefuroxime	Cefuroxime may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefapirin	Cefapirin may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefadroxil	Cefadroxil may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefprozil	Cefprozil may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftriaxone	Ceftriaxone may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefamandole	Cefamandole may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefazolin	Cefazolin may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefonicid	Cefonicid may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefoperazone	Cefoperazone may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotetan	Cefotetan may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefoxitin	Cefoxitin may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftizoxime	Ceftizoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefradine	Cefradine may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefepime	Cefepime may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefacetrile	Cefacetrile may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftibuten	Ceftibuten may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefpodoxime	Cefpodoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Lopinavir	Lopinavir may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Hydrolyzed Cephalothin	Hydrolyzed Cephalothin may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephalothin Group	Cephalothin Group may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Latamoxef	Latamoxef may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftobiprole	Ceftobiprole may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftaroline fosamil	Ceftaroline fosamil may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefaloridine	Cefaloridine may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefminox	Cefminox may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Tenofovir alafenamide	The serum concentration of Tenofovir alafenamide can be increased when it is combined with Potassium bicarbonate.
Cefroxadine	Cefroxadine may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Flomoxef	Flomoxef may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefatrizine	Cefatrizine may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefcapene	Cefcapene may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefodizime	Cefodizime may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefsulodin	Cefsulodin may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefetamet	Cefetamet may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefbuperazone	Cefbuperazone may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefozopran	Cefozopran may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefpirome	Cefpirome may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefazedone	Cefazedone may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftezole	Ceftezole may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Adefovir	Adefovir may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Tenofovir	Tenofovir may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.
Inotersen	Inotersen may decrease the excretion rate of Potassium bicarbonate which could result in a higher serum level.

Target Protein

Hydrogen ions

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 25041141
De Ruigh A, Roman S, Chen J, Pandolfino JE, Kahrilas PJ: Gaviscon Double Action Liquid (antacid & alginate) is more effective than antacid in controlling post-prandial oesophageal acid exposure in GERD patients: a double-blind crossover study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Sep;40(5):531-7. doi: 10.1111/apt.12857. Epub 2014 Jul 10.
PMID: 27455317
Stone MS, Martyn L, Weaver CM: Potassium Intake, Bioavailability, Hypertension, and Glucose Control. Nutrients. 2016 Jul 22;8(7). pii: nu8070444. doi: 10.3390/nu8070444.

Textbook

The American Heritage Science Dictionary (2018). Stedman's Medical Dictionary . Houghton Mifflin Company.
Rost M. (2007). Drugs during prgnancy and lactation (2nd ed.). Academic press.
Smith M. and Morton D. (2010). The digestive system (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone.
German A., Maddison J. and Guilford G. (2008). Small animal clinical pharmacology (2nd ed.). Elsevier.

Link

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