Peringatan Keamanan

Overdose with psyllium husk can cause abdominal discomfort, flatulence, and/or intestinal obstruction ^L1865.

The LD50 of psyllium husk administered orally to mice has been observed in some studies to occur in doses up to 2940 mg/kg or 3360 mg/kg in rats ^L1873.

Plantago seed

DB11097

biotech approved investigational

Deskripsi

Platango seeds refer to the seeds collected from various species of plantago trees. It is found in some laxatives for treating occasional constipation and restoring regularity in bowel movements. Its potential benefit in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis has been studied ^A27156.

Regardless, this agent is most predominantly used as a gentle laxative agent in many parts of the world that is more commonly referred as psyllium or psyllium husk.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Struktur tidak tersedia

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The half-life of psyllium husk is not formally documented at this time. Regardless, because psyllium husk is largely not adsorbed when administered, it is believed that the drug may not exhibit any kind of half-life [T145].

Volume Distribusi Psyllium husk when administered as intended largely undergoes little absorption into the body and plasma.

Klirens (Clearance) Psyllium husk when administered as intended largely undergoes little absorption into the body and plasma.

Absorpsi

Psyllium husk is capable of hydration and swelling to form a mucilage because it is only partially solubilized ^L1865. The polysaccharide dietary fibres of which psyllium husk is comprised of need to be hydrolyzed to monosaccharides before intestinal absorption can occur ^L1865. The sugar residues of the xylan backbone and side chains are joined by beta-linkages however, which cannot be broken by human digestive enzymes ^L1865. Less than 10% of the mucilage gets hydrolyzed in the stomach, with formation of free arabinose ^L1865. Intestinal absorption of the free arabinose is about 85% to 93% ^L1865. As a consequence, psyllium remains predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract as a 'bulk' agent that passes largely unchanged throughout the gut ^L1872. The agent has remarkable water holding capacity because of its high hemicellulose content ^L1872.

Metabolisme

As psyllium remains largely in the gut as a 'bulk' agent that passes predominantly unchanged throughout the gastrointestinal tract, there is little opportunity for marked absorption into or metabolism by the body ^L1872.

Rute Eliminasi

Psyllium husk when administered as indicated is usually excreted in the faeces T145.

Interaksi Makanan

1 Data

1. Take with a full glass of water.

Interaksi Obat

398 Data

Tramadol	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Tramadol.
Trospium	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Trospium.
Oxyphenonium	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Oxyphenonium.
Benzatropine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Benzatropine.
Ziprasidone	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Ziprasidone.
Disopyramide	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Disopyramide.
Amitriptyline	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Amitriptyline.
Ipratropium	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Ipratropium.
Olanzapine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Olanzapine.
Metixene	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Metixene.
Terfenadine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Terfenadine.
Buclizine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Buclizine.
Clozapine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Clozapine.
Doxylamine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Doxylamine.
Trihexyphenidyl	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Trihexyphenidyl.
Oxyphencyclimine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Oxyphencyclimine.
Procyclidine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Procyclidine.
Profenamine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Profenamine.
Promazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Promazine.
Hyoscyamine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Hyoscyamine.
Cyproheptadine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Cyproheptadine.
Imipramine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Imipramine.
Methscopolamine bromide	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Methscopolamine bromide.
Chlorpromazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Chlorpromazine.
Gallamine triethiodide	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Gallamine triethiodide.
Darifenacin	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Darifenacin.
Tridihexethyl	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Tridihexethyl.
Triflupromazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Triflupromazine.
Anisotropine methylbromide	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Anisotropine methylbromide.
Nortriptyline	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Nortriptyline.
Amoxapine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Amoxapine.
Atropine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Atropine.
Nicardipine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Nicardipine.
Pirenzepine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Pirenzepine.
Paroxetine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Paroxetine.
Homatropine methylbromide	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Homatropine methylbromide.
Rocuronium	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Rocuronium.
Scopolamine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Scopolamine.
Benzquinamide	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Benzquinamide.
Clidinium	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Clidinium.
Propiomazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Propiomazine.
Propantheline	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Propantheline.
Dicyclomine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Dicyclomine.
Biperiden	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Biperiden.
Brompheniramine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Brompheniramine.
Flupentixol	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Flupentixol.
Cocaine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Cocaine.
Quinidine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Quinidine.
Maprotiline	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Maprotiline.
Methantheline	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Methantheline.
Cycrimine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Cycrimine.
Glycopyrronium	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Glycopyrronium.
Tolterodine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Tolterodine.
Oxybutynin	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Oxybutynin.
Promethazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Promethazine.
Diphenhydramine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Diphenhydramine.
Doxacurium	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Doxacurium.
Doxepin	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Doxepin.
Flavoxate	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Flavoxate.
Desipramine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Desipramine.
Orphenadrine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Orphenadrine.
Escitalopram	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Escitalopram.
Quetiapine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Quetiapine.
Mivacurium	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Mivacurium.
Diphenidol	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Diphenidol.
Aripiprazole	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Aripiprazole.
Chlorprothixene	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Chlorprothixene.
Metocurine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Metocurine.
Pancuronium	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Pancuronium.
Pipecuronium	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Pipecuronium.
Methotrimeprazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Methotrimeprazine.
Tiotropium	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Tiotropium.
Solifenacin	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Solifenacin.
Isopropamide	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Isopropamide.
Rapacuronium	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Rapacuronium.
Mepenzolate	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Mepenzolate.
Pizotifen	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Pizotifen.
Fesoterodine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Fesoterodine.
Hexocyclium	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Hexocyclium.
Dimetindene	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Dimetindene.
Aclidinium	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Aclidinium.
Dexetimide	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Dexetimide.
Benactyzine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Benactyzine.
Umeclidinium	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Umeclidinium.
Trimebutine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Trimebutine.
Dosulepin	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Dosulepin.
Imidafenacin	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Imidafenacin.
Butylscopolamine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Butylscopolamine.
Thonzylamine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Thonzylamine.
Methscopolamine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Methscopolamine.
Revefenacin	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Revefenacin.
Oxitropium	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Oxitropium.
Propiverine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Propiverine.
Batefenterol	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Batefenterol.
Mebeverine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Mebeverine.
Tropatepine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Tropatepine.
Prifinium	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Prifinium.
Piperidolate	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Piperidolate.
Benzilone	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Benzilone.
Difemerine	The therapeutic efficacy of Plantago seed can be decreased when used in combination with Difemerine.

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 10022641
Fernandez-Banares F, Hinojosa J, Sanchez-Lombrana JL, Navarro E, Martinez-Salmeron JF, Garcia-Puges A, Gonzalez-Huix F, Riera J, Gonzalez-Lara V, Dominguez-Abascal F, Gine JJ, Moles J, Gomollon F, Gassull MA: Randomized clinical trial of Plantago ovata seeds (dietary fiber) as compared with mesalamine in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis. Spanish Group for the Study of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU). Am J Gastroenterol. 1999 Feb;94(2):427-33.

Textbook

ISBN: 9780323399166
Jennifer J. Yeager, Mary Beth Winton, Linda E. McCuistion, Kathleen DiMaggio (2018). Pharmacology: A Patient-Centered Nursing Process Approach. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Link

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 223 • International brands: 0

Produk

Alka-klense Capsules

Capsule • 500 mg / cap • Oral • Canada • Approved
Bekunis Light Granules

Tablet • 531 mg / g • Oral • Canada • OTC • Approved
Best Choice Fiber Laxative

Capsule • 0.52 g/1 • Oral • US • OTC
Best Choice Fiber Therapy Orange Flavor

Powder • 3.4 g/12g • Oral • US • OTC
Best Choice Fiber Therapy original coarse

Powder • 3.4 g/7g • Oral • US • OTC
Bulk-forming Laxative

Powder, for suspension • 3.4 g/7g • Oral • US • OTC
Careone

Capsule • 0.52 g/1 • Oral • US • OTC
CAREONE Orange Flavored

Powder • 3.4 g/5.8g • Oral • US • OTC

Menampilkan 8 dari 223 produk.

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.