Peringatan Keamanan

Oral LD50 is 3470 mg/kg in rat and dermal LD50 is > 2 g/kg in rabbit MSDS. As aluminum accumulates in the brain, ataxia and seizures may be observed following ingestion of higher doses. Mental status changes, including obtundation, lethargy and confusion may be seen ^L2013. Liver damage has been reported in acute and chronic toxicity of aluminum ^L2013.

Aluminum chloride

DB11081

small molecule approved investigational

Deskripsi

Aluminum chloride is a chemical compound with the chemical formula AlCl3. When contaminated with iron chloride, it often displays a yellow color compared to the white pure compound. It is used in various chemical applications as a Lewis base, with anhydrous aluminium trichloride being the most commonly used Lewis acid. It may also be found in over-the-counter as an antiperspirant or prescription products as an antihemorrhagic agent. In antiperspirant products, FDA approves the use of aluminum chloride as an active ingredient up to 15%, calculated on the hexahydrate form, in an aqueous solution nonaerosol dosage form ^L2012.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 133.341

Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Following oral administration of 8.1 mg/kg of aluminum chloride, the half-life of aluminum was 5.29 ± 0.47 h [A32367].

Volume Distribusi Following oral administration of 8.1 mg/kg of aluminum chloride, the steady?state volume of distribution of aluminum was 38.4 ± 6.4 mL/kg [A32367].

Klirens (Clearance) Following oral administration of 8.1 mg/kg of aluminum chloride, the clearance of aluminum was 8.87 ± 1.76 mL/(h*kg) [A32367].

Absorpsi

It is reported that about 17-30 % of aluminum chloride formed from the reaction between orally ingested aluminum hydroxide and hydrochloric acid of the stomach is absorbed ^L2013. In rabbits, administration of a single maximum safe oral dose aluminum chloride (333 mg Al/kg) resulted in aluminum absorption of 0.57 % ^L2013. Aluminum chloride may be absorbed via dermal route, with the uptake increasing in the microgram range but with an upper limit ^L2013.

Metabolisme

In the small intestine, aluminum chloride is rapidly converted to insoluble poorly absorbed basic aluminum salts, consisting of a mixture of hydrated aluminum oxide, oxyaluminum hydroxide, various basic aluminum carbonates, and aluminum soaps ^L2013.

Rute Eliminasi

Absorbed aluminum chloride is rapidly excreted by the kidneys in individuals with normal renal function ^L2013. Aluminum chloride may be absorbed dermally.

Interaksi Obat

29 Data

Ursodeoxycholic acid	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ursodeoxycholic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Cholic Acid	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Cholic Acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Glycocholic acid	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Glycocholic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Deoxycholic acid	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Deoxycholic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Taurocholic acid	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Taurocholic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Obeticholic acid	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Obeticholic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Chenodeoxycholic acid	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Chenodeoxycholic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Taurochenodeoxycholic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Tauroursodeoxycholic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Bamet-UD2	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Bamet-UD2 resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Dehydrocholic acid	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Dehydrocholic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Hyodeoxycholic Acid	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Hyodeoxycholic Acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Eltrombopag	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Eltrombopag resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Raltegravir	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Raltegravir resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Deferasirox	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Deferasirox resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Dolutegravir	The serum concentration of Dolutegravir can be decreased when it is combined with Aluminum chloride.
Halofantrine	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Halofantrine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
cis-Diamminechlorocholylglycinateplatinum(II)	The serum concentration of cis-Diamminechlorocholylglycinateplatinum(II) can be decreased when it is combined with Aluminum chloride.
Aramchol	The serum concentration of Aramchol can be decreased when it is combined with Aluminum chloride.
Ox bile extract	The serum concentration of Ox bile extract can be decreased when it is combined with Aluminum chloride.
Technetium Tc-99m oxidronate	The serum concentration of Technetium Tc-99m oxidronate can be increased when it is combined with Aluminum chloride.
Phenytoin	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Phenytoin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Mephenytoin	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Mephenytoin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Carbamazepine	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Carbamazepine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Methylphenobarbital	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Methylphenobarbital resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Phenobarbital	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Phenobarbital resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Roxadustat	Aluminum chloride can cause a decrease in the absorption of Roxadustat resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Vadadustat	The serum concentration of Vadadustat can be decreased when it is combined with Aluminum chloride.

Target Protein

Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial GLUD1

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 25225553
Tarighi P, Khoroushi M: A review on common chemical hemostatic agents in restorative dentistry. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2014 Jul;11(4):423-8.
PMID: -
Gupta S, Waters D, Gwilt P: Absorption and disposition of aluminum in the rat Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 1986 June 1;75(6):586-589.
PMID: 24250398
Khademi Kalantari K, Zeinalzade A, Kobarfard F, Nazary Moghadam S: The effect and persistency of 1% aluminum chloride hexahydrate iontophoresis in the treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis. Iran J Pharm Res. 2011 Summer;10(3):641-5.

Link

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 61 • International brands: 0

Produk

Aarica

Liquid • 15 g/100mL • Topical • US • OTC
Aarica

Liquid • 15 g/100mL • Topical • US • OTC
Anti-perspirant Roll-ON Deod

Liquid • - • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
Antiperspirant ODABAN

Spray • 4.35 mg/30mL • Topical • US • OTC
Antiperspirant ODABAN

Spray • 4.35 mg/30mL • Topical • US • OTC
Antiperspirant Towlette

Cloth • 14 g/100g • Topical • US • OTC
Aquastop Liq

Liquid • 20 % • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
Arrid Cream

Cream • - • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved

Menampilkan 8 dari 61 produk.

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.