Peringatan Keamanan

The oral acute toxicity of PVOH (LD50) in rats and mice are 20 g/kg and 14.7 g/kg, respectively ^L2827.
Adverse effects include eye pain and changes of vision, and redness or irritation of the eye ^L2832.

Mild stinging or irritation of the eye, crusting of eyelid, eye pain, ocular hyperaemia, eye pruritus, foreign body sensation, eye discharge, and increased lacrimation may also occur ^L2830.

Polyvinyl alcohol

DB11060

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Polyvinyl alcohol is a water-soluble synthetic polymer obtained by polymerization of vinyl alcohol. It has varying roles in commercial and industrial applications such as papermaking, textiles, and printing. Polyvinyl alcohol is found in ophthalmic solutions as a lubricant to prevent irritation or to relieve dryness of the eyes ^L2826.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Struktur tidak tersedia

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) When injected intravenously, polyvinyl alcohol has a half-life of 90 min [A33117]. Intraocularly, in eye drop form, the half-life is 7.2 minutes [T216].

Volume Distribusi This drug does not accumulate in the body when administered orally [A33113].

Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

Polyvinyl alcohol is poorly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract, and readily eliminated from the body ^L2827.

Metabolisme

Data metabolisme tidak tersedia.

Rute Eliminasi

Data eliminasi belum tersedia.

Interaksi Obat

0 Data

Tidak ada data.

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 12504164
DeMerlis CC, Schoneker DR: Review of the oral toxicity of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Food Chem Toxicol. 2003 Mar;41(3):319-26.
PMID: 7674130
Yamaoka T, Tabata Y, Ikada Y: Comparison of body distribution of poly(vinyl alcohol) with other water-soluble polymers after intravenous administration. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1995 Jun;47(6):479-86.

Textbook

O'Connor, Davies, G.A. Hopkins, R.M. Hopkins (2014). The Actions and Uses of Ophthalmic Drugs. Butterworth-Heinemann.

Link

Attachment

European Food Safety Document

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 113 • International brands: 0

Produk

Akwa Tears

Solution • 14 mg/1mL • Ophthalmic • US • OTC
Artifical Tears

Solution / drops • - • Ophthalmic • US • OTC
Artificial Tears

Solution / drops • 14 mg/1mL • Ophthalmic • US • OTC
Artificial Tears

Solution / drops • 14 mg/1mL • Ophthalmic • US • OTC
Artificial Tears

Solution / drops • 14 mg/1mL • Ophthalmic • US • OTC
Artificial Tears

Solution / drops • 14 mg/1mL • Ophthalmic • US • OTC
Artificial Tears

Solution / drops • 14 mg/1mL • Ophthalmic • US • OTC
Artificial Tears

Solution / drops • 14 mg/1mL • Ophthalmic • US • OTC

Menampilkan 8 dari 113 produk.

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.