Adverse experiences occurring in 0.5 to 1.0 percent of patients in controlled clinical trials included: myocardial infarction, fatigue, dizziness, fever, rash and constipation.
Angioedema has also been reported in patients receiving enalaprilat, with an incidence higher in black than in non-black patients. Angioedema associated with laryngeal edema may be fatal. If angioedema of the face, extremities, lips, tongue, glottis and/or larynx occurs, treatment with enalaprilat should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted immediately .
Rarer adverse effects that are less likely, but should be monitored for, include development of anaphylaxis, hypotension, agranulocytosis, hepatic failure, hyperkalemia, and persistent cough.
Furthermore, ACE inhibitors should be avoided during pregnancy as they can cause fetal and neonatal morbidity and death. When pregnancy is detected, ACE inhibitors should be discontinued as soon as possible. Use during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy has been associated with fetal and neonatal injury, including hypotension, neonatal skull hypoplasia, anuria, reversible or irreversible renal failure, and death.
Enalaprilat is the active metabolite of the orally available pro-drug, enalapril. Used in the treatment of hypertension, enalapril is an ACE inhibitor that prevents Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) from transforming angiotensin I into angiotensin II. As angiotensin II is responsible for vasoconstriction and sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the kidney, down-regulation of this protein results in reduced blood pressure and blood fluid volume. Enalaprilat was originally created to overcome the limitations of the first ACE inhibitor, captopril, which had numerous side effects and left a metallic taste in the mouth. Removal of the problematic thiol group from captopril resulted in enalaprilat, which was then modified further with an ester to create the orally available pro-drug enalapril.
Enalaprilat is poorly orally available and is therefore only available as an intravenous injection for the treatment of hypertension when oral therapy is not possible.
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.
| Duloxetine | The risk or severity of orthostatic hypotension and syncope can be increased when Enalaprilat is combined with Duloxetine. |
| Levodopa | The risk or severity of hypotension and orthostatic hypotension can be increased when Enalaprilat is combined with Levodopa. |
| Risperidone | Enalaprilat may increase the hypotensive activities of Risperidone. |
| Alfuzosin | Alfuzosin may increase the hypotensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Amifostine | Enalaprilat may increase the hypotensive activities of Amifostine. |
| Diazoxide | Diazoxide may increase the hypotensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Methylphenidate | Methylphenidate may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Dexmethylphenidate | Dexmethylphenidate may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Obinutuzumab | Enalaprilat may increase the hypotensive activities of Obinutuzumab. |
| Pentoxifylline | Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Rituximab | Enalaprilat may increase the hypotensive activities of Rituximab. |
| Phentermine | Phentermine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Midodrine | Midodrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Eletriptan | Eletriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Isoetharine | Isoetharine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Methysergide | Methysergide may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Cabergoline | Cabergoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Zolmitriptan | Zolmitriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Dihydroergotamine | Dihydroergotamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Protriptyline | Protriptyline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Methylergometrine | Methylergometrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Norepinephrine | Norepinephrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Mirtazapine | Mirtazapine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Phenylephrine | Phenylephrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Phenylpropanolamine | Phenylpropanolamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Promazine | Promazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Droperidol | Droperidol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Nortriptyline | Nortriptyline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Amoxapine | Amoxapine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Doxapram | Doxapram may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Atropine | Atropine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Lisuride | Lisuride may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Metaraminol | Metaraminol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Trazodone | Trazodone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Epinephrine | Epinephrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Ergotamine | Ergotamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Nicergoline | Nicergoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Methoxamine | Methoxamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Trimipramine | Trimipramine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Propiomazine | Propiomazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Alfentanil | Alfentanil may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Orciprenaline | Orciprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Phenmetrazine | Phenmetrazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Trifluoperazine | Trifluoperazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Pseudoephedrine | Pseudoephedrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Benzphetamine | Benzphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Ritodrine | Ritodrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Flupentixol | Flupentixol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Bitolterol | Bitolterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Oxymetazoline | Oxymetazoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Diethylpropion | Diethylpropion may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Salmeterol | Salmeterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Naratriptan | Naratriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Formoterol | Formoterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Frovatriptan | Frovatriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Methoxyflurane | Methoxyflurane may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Ergoloid mesylate | Ergoloid mesylate may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Isoprenaline | Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Arbutamine | Arbutamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Dutasteride | Dutasteride may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Pergolide | Pergolide may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Finasteride | Finasteride may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Ergometrine | Ergometrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Lisdexamfetamine | Lisdexamfetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Fenoterol | Fenoterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Pirbuterol | Pirbuterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Ephedra sinica root | Ephedra sinica root may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Ephedrine | Ephedrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Mephentermine | Mephentermine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Procaterol | Procaterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Yohimbine | Yohimbine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Methotrimeprazine | Methotrimeprazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Clenbuterol | Clenbuterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Bambuterol | Bambuterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| MMDA | MMDA may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Midomafetamine | Midomafetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine | 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| 4-Methoxyamphetamine | 4-Methoxyamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine | 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Tenamfetamine | Tenamfetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Chlorphentermine | Chlorphentermine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Dextroamphetamine | Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Phendimetrazine | Phendimetrazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Solifenacin | Solifenacin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Periciazine | Periciazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Acepromazine | Acepromazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Thioproperazine | Thioproperazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Zuclopenthixol | Zuclopenthixol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Epicaptopril | Epicaptopril may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| 1-benzylimidazole | 1-benzylimidazole may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Lysergic acid diethylamide | Lysergic acid diethylamide may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Amineptine | Amineptine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Dronedarone | Dronedarone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Flibanserin | Flibanserin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Iloperidone | Iloperidone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Indacaterol | Indacaterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Amibegron | Amibegron may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Naluzotan | Naluzotan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Cariprazine | Cariprazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |
| Mianserin | Mianserin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Enalaprilat. |