Peringatan Keamanan

In a mice study, the LD50 was reported as 3621 mg/kg of following 33 weeks of oral administration L2372. A study reports that at doses of 400 mg/d for several weeks had adverse effects such as GI irritation, skin rash, and lymphadenopathy but cited no serious complications A32611. In patients treated with 400 to 1,000 mg perchlorate daily, cases of agranulocytosis and fatal aplastic anemia have been reported. Several deaths from aplastic anemia in patients treated with perchlorate at doses of 400 to 1000 mg/d for 8 to 33 weeks were also reported A32611. The last report of fatal bone marrow toxicity related to treatment with potassium perchlorate was in the 1960s A32611.

Potassium perchlorate

DB09418

small molecule approved investigational

Deskripsi

Potassium perchlorate is an inorganic salt with the chemical formula KClO4. It is a strong oxidizer with the lowest solubility of the alkali metal perchlorates. Potassium is most commonly used in flares and automobile airbags A32609. The use of potassium perchlorate as a component in sealing gaskets for food containers has been revoked by the FDA following the use being abandoned by the industry L2365. Potassium perchlorate acts as a competitive inhibitor of iodine uptake by the thyroid gland and attenuates the production of the thyroid hormone. Thus the use of potassium perchlorate has been extensive for hyperthyroidism during the last 50 years, particularly in the late 1950s and early 1960s A32609. The therapeutic use of potassium perchlorate in thyroid disorders has been ceased due to a high risk for developing aplastic anemia and nephrotic syndrome L2364.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 138.549
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) Perchlorate has a half-life in humans of approximately 6 to 8 hours [A32611].
Volume Distribusi No pharmacokinetic data on the volume of distribution. Perchlorate is likely to sequester into the thyroid gland, gastrointestinal tract, and possibly the skin [A32613].
Klirens (Clearance) No pharmacokinetic data on clearance rate. Systemic clearance is biphasic with a slow terminal phase [A32613].

Absorpsi

Perchlorate is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract after ingestion A32611. The time to reach peak plasma levels of perchlorate is approximately 3 hours following oral administration L2364. As potassium perchlorate is an organic compound with complete ionization in water, dermal absorption through intact skin is unlikely L2370.

Metabolisme

Perchlorate ions are not reported to undergo metabolism L2364.

Rute Eliminasi

Perchlorate is mainly excreted unchanged in the urine with the recovery rate of approximately 95% within 72 hours A32611. It is reported that half of the total perchlorate ions administered orally are excreted during the first 5 hours post-dosing while the rest of the dose is excreted within 48 to 72 hours L2364.

Interaksi Obat

1162 Data
Citalopram The therapeutic efficacy of Potassium perchlorate can be decreased when used in combination with Citalopram.
Fluoxetine The therapeutic efficacy of Potassium perchlorate can be decreased when used in combination with Fluoxetine.
Trazodone The therapeutic efficacy of Potassium perchlorate can be decreased when used in combination with Trazodone.
Sertraline The therapeutic efficacy of Potassium perchlorate can be decreased when used in combination with Sertraline.
Escitalopram The therapeutic efficacy of Potassium perchlorate can be decreased when used in combination with Escitalopram.
Zimelidine The therapeutic efficacy of Potassium perchlorate can be decreased when used in combination with Zimelidine.
Dapoxetine The therapeutic efficacy of Potassium perchlorate can be decreased when used in combination with Dapoxetine.
Seproxetine The therapeutic efficacy of Potassium perchlorate can be decreased when used in combination with Seproxetine.
Indalpine The therapeutic efficacy of Potassium perchlorate can be decreased when used in combination with Indalpine.
Ritanserin The therapeutic efficacy of Potassium perchlorate can be decreased when used in combination with Ritanserin.
Alaproclate The therapeutic efficacy of Potassium perchlorate can be decreased when used in combination with Alaproclate.
Paroxetine The therapeutic efficacy of Potassium perchlorate can be decreased when used in combination with Paroxetine.
Acetyldigitoxin The serum concentration of Acetyldigitoxin can be increased when it is combined with Potassium perchlorate.
Deslanoside The serum concentration of Deslanoside can be increased when it is combined with Potassium perchlorate.
Ouabain The serum concentration of Ouabain can be increased when it is combined with Potassium perchlorate.
Digitoxin The serum concentration of Digitoxin can be increased when it is combined with Potassium perchlorate.
Oleandrin The serum concentration of Oleandrin can be increased when it is combined with Potassium perchlorate.
Cymarin The serum concentration of Cymarin can be increased when it is combined with Potassium perchlorate.
Proscillaridin The serum concentration of Proscillaridin can be increased when it is combined with Potassium perchlorate.
Metildigoxin The serum concentration of Metildigoxin can be increased when it is combined with Potassium perchlorate.
Lanatoside C The serum concentration of Lanatoside C can be increased when it is combined with Potassium perchlorate.
Gitoformate The serum concentration of Gitoformate can be increased when it is combined with Potassium perchlorate.
Acetyldigoxin The serum concentration of Acetyldigoxin can be increased when it is combined with Potassium perchlorate.
Peruvoside The serum concentration of Peruvoside can be increased when it is combined with Potassium perchlorate.
Iodide I-131 The therapeutic efficacy of Iodide I-131 can be decreased when used in combination with Potassium perchlorate.
Lepirudin Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Lepirudin.
Bivalirudin Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Bivalirudin.
Alteplase Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Alteplase.
Urokinase Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Urokinase.
Reteplase Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Reteplase.
Anistreplase Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Anistreplase.
Tenecteplase Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Tenecteplase.
Abciximab Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Abciximab.
Drotrecogin alfa Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Drotrecogin alfa.
Streptokinase Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Streptokinase.
Dicoumarol Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Dicoumarol.
Argatroban Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Argatroban.
Ardeparin Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ardeparin.
Phenindione Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Phenindione.
Pentosan polysulfate Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Pentosan polysulfate.
Phenprocoumon Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Phenprocoumon.
Dipyridamole Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Dipyridamole.
Heparin Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Heparin.
Enoxaparin Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.
Acenocoumarol Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Acenocoumarol.
4-hydroxycoumarin Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of 4-hydroxycoumarin.
Coumarin Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Coumarin.
Ximelagatran Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ximelagatran.
Desmoteplase Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Desmoteplase.
Defibrotide Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Defibrotide.
Ancrod Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod.
Beraprost Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Beraprost.
Sulodexide Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Sulodexide.
Semuloparin Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Semuloparin.
Idraparinux Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Idraparinux.
Cangrelor Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Cangrelor.
Astaxanthin Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Astaxanthin.
Apixaban Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Apixaban.
Otamixaban Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Otamixaban.
Amediplase Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Amediplase.
Danaparoid Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Danaparoid.
Dalteparin Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Dalteparin.
Tinzaparin Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Tinzaparin.
(R)-warfarin Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of (R)-warfarin.
Ethyl biscoumacetate Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ethyl biscoumacetate.
Nadroparin Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Nadroparin.
Triflusal Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Triflusal.
Ticagrelor Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ticagrelor.
Ditazole Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ditazole.
Vorapaxar Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Vorapaxar.
Potassium citrate Potassium perchlorate may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Potassium citrate.
Sodium citrate Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Sodium citrate.
Bemiparin Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Bemiparin.
Parnaparin Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Parnaparin.
Desirudin Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Desirudin.
Antithrombin Alfa Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Antithrombin Alfa.
Protein C Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Protein C.
Letaxaban Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Letaxaban.
Darexaban Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Darexaban.
Betrixaban Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Betrixaban.
Nafamostat Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Nafamostat.
Monteplase Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Monteplase.
Gabexate Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Gabexate.
Fluindione Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Fluindione.
Protein S human Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Protein S human.
Brinase Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Brinase.
Clorindione Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Clorindione.
Diphenadione Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Diphenadione.
Tioclomarol Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Tioclomarol.
Melagatran Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Melagatran.
Saruplase Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Saruplase.
(S)-Warfarin Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of (S)-Warfarin.
Tocopherylquinone Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Tocopherylquinone.
Dabigatran Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Dabigatran.
Fondaparinux Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Fondaparinux.
Epoprostenol Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Epoprostenol.
Prasugrel Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Prasugrel.
Rivaroxaban Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Rivaroxaban.
Dabigatran etexilate Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Dabigatran etexilate.
Edoxaban Potassium perchlorate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Edoxaban.

Target Protein

Sodium/iodide cotransporter SLC5A5

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 6272249
    Connell JM: Long-term use of potassium perchlorate. Postgrad Med J. 1981 Aug;57(670):516-7.
  • PMID: 18591883
    Bogazzi F, Bartalena L, Tomisti L, Dell'Unto E, Cosci C, Sardella C, Tanda ML, Lai A, Gasperi M, Aghini-Lombardi F, Martino E: Potassium perchlorate only temporarily restores euthyroidism in patients with amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism who continue amiodarone therapy. J Endocrinol Invest. 2008 Jun;31(6):515-9. doi: 10.1007/BF03346400.
  • PMID: 11477312
    Soldin OP, Braverman LE, Lamm SH: Perchlorate clinical pharmacology and human health: a review. Ther Drug Monit. 2001 Aug;23(4):316-31.
  • PMID: 3020079
    Martino E, Mariotti S, Aghini-Lombardi F, Lenziardi M, Morabito S, Baschieri L, Pinchera A, Braverman L, Safran M: Short term administration of potassium perchlorate restores euthyroidism in amiodarone iodine-induced hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986 Nov;63(5):1233-6. doi: 10.1210/jcem-63-5-1233.
  • PMID: 12140178
    Yu KO, Narayanan L, Mattie DR, Godfrey RJ, Todd PN, Sterner TR, Mahle DA, Lumpkin MH, Fisher JW: The pharmacokinetics of perchlorate and its effect on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in the male rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002 Jul 15;182(2):148-59.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 1 • International brands: 0
Produk
  • Perchloracap Capsule 200mg
    Capsule • 200 mg • Oral • Canada • Approved

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

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