Peringatan Keamanan

Ld50: 390 mg/kg oral mouse L1629.

Reserpine may increase gastric acid secretion and should be used with caution in patients with a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer. It should also not be administered to patients diagnosed with depression L1625, L1626.

Adverse reactions of this drug include: vomiting, diarrhea, arrhythmias , syncope, bradycardia, dyspnea, epistaxis, rare parkinsonian syndrome and other extrapyramidal tract (EPS) symptoms, dizziness, headache, paradoxical anxiety, depression, nervousness, nightmares, dull sensorium, drowsiness, muscular aches, pseudo lactation, weight gain, deafness, optic atrophy, hypersensitive reactions (pruritus) L1625.

The mechanism of reserpine's toxic effects is found to be in parallel with the mechanism of its pharmacologic effects. Reserpine inhibits sympathetic activity in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system by binding to catecholamine storage vesicles. This prevents the normal storage of catecholamines and serotonin in the nerve, resulting in catecholamine depletion. This drug has also been described as inhibiting catecholamine synthesis by blocking the uptake of dopamine into the storage vesicles L1628.

Rauwolfia serpentina root

DB09363

small molecule investigational

Deskripsi

Rauwolfia (Rauwolfia serpentina), also spelled ravolphia, is a medicinal plant in the milkweed family. The root of the plant is ground into a powder or sold in tablets or capsules. It is a compound commonly used in Asian medicine, which includes traditional Ayurvedic medicine native to India. The active ingredients in this drug are alkaloids and about 50 have been identified through various studies, although the primary psychoactive components appear to be reserpine, rescinnamine, and deserpidine L1618.

This product was approved prior to Jan 1, 1982, but since, has been discontinued due to its propensity for leading to depression L1616, L1630. Reserpine is derived from Rauwolfia serpentina, and was commonly used as an antihypertensive agent in the 1950s L1621. Rauwolfia serpentina is also commonly referred to as Sarpaghanda A32097. Interestingly, the hairy root component of this plant has shown a remarkable capacity to regenerate into complete Rauwolfia plants and shows survival and unaltered biosynthetic potential during storage at decreased temperatures. For this reason, various studies into biotechnological applications of this plant have been performed. Multiple studies have been done on their biosynthetic potential and numerous biotechnological methods used to study the production of pharmaceutically important alkaloids A32095, A32096.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Struktur tidak tersedia

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) After oral ingestion, an initial half-life of approximately 5 hours is followed by a terminal half-life of approximately 200 hours [L1626].
Volume Distribusi -
Klirens (Clearance) Hepatically and renally [L1628].

Absorpsi

Mean maximum plasma levels of plasma concentrations after 0.5 mg of Reserpine, administered as two 0.25 mg tablets or as an aqueous solution, peaked after 2.5 hours. The mean peak level was approximately 1.1 ng/ml. Bioavailability of Reserpine, has been reported to be approximately 50% L1626.

Metabolisme

Reserpine is almost completely metabolized in the body, and only about 1% is excreted as unchanged drug in the urine L1625. Hepatic metabolism accounts for less than 50% of the elimination of reserpine, with the remainder being eliminated in the faeces, and some unmetabolized reserpine and metabolites being eliminated in the urine. In man, metabolites are methylreserpate and trimethoxybenzoic acid. Metabolism may be more important with intramuscular administration L1628.

Rute Eliminasi

The elimination of reserpine and its metabolites in the feces ranges from 30% after intramuscular administration to about 60% after oral ingestion, primarily as unmetabolized reserpine, over a 4 day period after the ingestionof 0.25 mg to 0.50 mg doses. Over the same time period, about 8% of the ingested dose was recovered in the urine, primarily as the trimethoxybenzoic acid metabolite L1628.

Interaksi Obat

627 Data
Alfuzosin Alfuzosin may increase the hypotensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Amifostine Rauwolfia serpentina root may increase the hypotensive activities of Amifostine.
Diazoxide Diazoxide may increase the hypotensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Methylphenidate Methylphenidate may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Dexmethylphenidate Dexmethylphenidate may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Obinutuzumab Rauwolfia serpentina root may increase the hypotensive activities of Obinutuzumab.
Pentoxifylline Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Rituximab Rauwolfia serpentina root may increase the hypotensive activities of Rituximab.
Desmopressin Desmopressin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Cyclosporine Cyclosporine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Phentermine Phentermine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Midodrine Midodrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Eletriptan Eletriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Isoetharine Isoetharine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Methysergide Methysergide may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Cabergoline Cabergoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Atomoxetine Atomoxetine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Etomidate Etomidate may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Zolmitriptan Zolmitriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Amitriptyline Amitriptyline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Protriptyline Protriptyline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Methylergometrine Methylergometrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Norepinephrine Norepinephrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Mirtazapine Mirtazapine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Phenylephrine Phenylephrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Promazine Promazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Droperidol Droperidol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Buspirone Buspirone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Nortriptyline Nortriptyline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Amoxapine Amoxapine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Doxapram Doxapram may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Atropine Atropine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Lisuride Lisuride may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Metaraminol Metaraminol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Trazodone Trazodone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Epinephrine Epinephrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Sumatriptan Sumatriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Ergotamine Ergotamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Nicergoline Nicergoline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Methoxamine Methoxamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Trimipramine Trimipramine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Risperidone Risperidone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Propiomazine Propiomazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Alfentanil Alfentanil may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Fentanyl Fentanyl may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Orciprenaline Orciprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Phenmetrazine Phenmetrazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Trifluoperazine Trifluoperazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Dobutamine Dobutamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Benzphetamine Benzphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Ritodrine Ritodrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Terbutaline Terbutaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Flupentixol Flupentixol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Bitolterol Bitolterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Quinidine Quinidine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Almotriptan Almotriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Diethylpropion Diethylpropion may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Salmeterol Salmeterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Naratriptan Naratriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Rizatriptan Rizatriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Formoterol Formoterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Dopamine Dopamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Frovatriptan Frovatriptan may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Albuterol Salbutamol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Ergoloid mesylate Ergoloid mesylate may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Isoprenaline Isoprenaline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Arbutamine Arbutamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Dutasteride Dutasteride may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Doxepin Doxepin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Nefazodone Nefazodone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Desipramine Desipramine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Propafenone Propafenone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Pergolide Pergolide may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Finasteride Finasteride may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Ergometrine Ergometrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Lisdexamfetamine Lisdexamfetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Paliperidone Paliperidone may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Arformoterol Arformoterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Fenoterol Fenoterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Pirbuterol Pirbuterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Ephedra sinica root Ephedra sinica root may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Ephedrine Ephedrine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Mephentermine Mephentermine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Procaterol Procaterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Yohimbine Yohimbine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Methotrimeprazine Methotrimeprazine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Clenbuterol Clenbuterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Bambuterol Bambuterol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
MMDA MMDA may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Midomafetamine Midomafetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
4-Methoxyamphetamine 4-Methoxyamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Tenamfetamine Tenamfetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Chlorphentermine Chlorphentermine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.
Dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Rauwolfia serpentina root.

Target Protein

Synaptic vesicular amine transporter SLC18A2

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 25326172
    Mehrotra S, Goel MK, Srivastava V, Rahman LU: Hairy root biotechnology of Rauwolfia serpentina: a potent approach for the production of pharmaceutically important terpenoid indole alkaloids. Biotechnol Lett. 2015 Feb;37(2):253-63. doi: 10.1007/s10529-014-1695-y. Epub 2014 Oct 18.
  • PMID: 18205139
    Madhusudanan KP, Banerjee S, Khanuja SP, Chattopadhyay SK: Analysis of hairy root culture of Rauvolfia serpentina using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometric technique. Biomed Chromatogr. 2008 Jun;22(6):596-600. doi: 10.1002/bmc.974.
  • PMID: 27108322
    Mehrotra S, Srivastava V, Goel MK, Kukreja AK: Scale-Up of Agrobacterium rhizogenes-Mediated Hairy Root Cultures of Rauwolfia serpentina: A Persuasive Approach for Stable Reserpine Production. Methods Mol Biol. 2016;1391:241-57. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3332-7_17.

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 0 • International brands: 3
International Brands
  • Sarpaghanda
  • Serpalan
  • Serpasil

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.
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