Peringatan Keamanan

Invert sugar is a generally accepted safe substance and it does not present toxic effects. Do not administer invert sugar in patients with the rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption or sucrose-isomaltase insufficiency. It is also recommended to take precautions in patients that present diabetes mellitus.^L1691

Invert sugar

DB09344

small molecule experimental

Deskripsi

Invert sugar is obtained from sugar cane when this is treated with dilute acid or with the invertase enzyme. It is formed by an equal amount of glucose and fructose. It differentiates from sugar cane in the rotation of the polarized light, which in the case of invert sugar it is to the left (levorotatory).^A32124 Invert sugar is FDA approved since 1988 as a safe substance (GRAS).

Struktur Molekul 2D

Struktur tidak tersedia

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The glucose half-life following intravenous administration of invert sugar is of approximately 30 min. In the same report, the half-life of fructose after the intravenous administration is reported to be 16 min.[A19407]

Volume Distribusi -

Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

It has been reported that administration of 10-15% of intravenous invert sugar solution is rapidly absorbed in the intestine and distributed in blood without exceeding the renal threshold.^A32124 The absorption of invert sugar happens mainly as monosaccharides. Glucose is absorbed into the portal vein by the transporter GLUT2 while fructose is absorbed by the transporter GLUT5.^A32126

Metabolisme

The metabolism of invert sugar and other fructose-glucose sweeteners is not meaningfully different. Once absorbed, the fructose monosaccharides are taken up by the liver and bypass a key step regulatory step in glycolysis.^A32126 Both of the monosaccharides first step metabolism is marked by its phosphorylation to glucose-6-phosphate by glucokinase or fructose-1-phosphate by fructokinase. After this step, the glycolysis continues its pathway until the obtention of pyruvic acid.T129 The metabolism of fructose is more rapid than the one of glucose and thus, it is possible to administer at the same speed than a glucose dose correspondent to 55% of the invert sugar dose.T130

Rute Eliminasi

Reports have indicated that after intravenous administration of invert sugar present a reduced content or carbohydrates in urine when compared to the intravenous administration of glucose. This response indicates a reduced diuresis of invert sugar. It has also been reported a reduced diuresis in the presence of invert diuresis.^A32128

Interaksi Obat

727 Data

Cyclosporine	Cyclosporine may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Icosapent	Icosapent may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotiam	Cefotiam may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Mesalazine	Mesalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefmenoxime	Cefmenoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefmetazole	Cefmetazole may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Pamidronic acid	Pamidronic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Tenofovir disoproxil	Tenofovir disoproxil may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Indomethacin	Indomethacin may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cidofovir	Cidofovir may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefpiramide	Cefpiramide may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftazidime	Ceftazidime may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Loracarbef	Loracarbef may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefalotin	Cefalotin may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Nabumetone	Nabumetone may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Ketorolac	Ketorolac may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Tenoxicam	Tenoxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Celecoxib	Celecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotaxime	Cefotaxime may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Tolmetin	Tolmetin may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Foscarnet	Foscarnet may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Rofecoxib	Rofecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Piroxicam	Piroxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Methotrexate	Methotrexate may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephalexin	Cephalexin may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Fenoprofen	Fenoprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Valaciclovir	Valaciclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Valdecoxib	Valdecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Diclofenac	Diclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Sulindac	Sulindac may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Bacitracin	Bacitracin may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Amphotericin B	Amphotericin B may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephaloglycin	Cephaloglycin may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Flurbiprofen	Flurbiprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Adefovir dipivoxil	Adefovir dipivoxil may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Pentamidine	Pentamidine may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Etodolac	Etodolac may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Mefenamic acid	Mefenamic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Acyclovir	Acyclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Naproxen	Naproxen may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Sulfasalazine	Sulfasalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Phenylbutazone	Phenylbutazone may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Meloxicam	Meloxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Carprofen	Carprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefaclor	Cefaclor may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Diflunisal	Diflunisal may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Tacrolimus	Tacrolimus may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceforanide	Ceforanide may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Salicylic acid	Salicylic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Meclofenamic acid	Meclofenamic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Acetylsalicylic acid	Acetylsalicylic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Carboplatin	Carboplatin may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Oxaprozin	Oxaprozin may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Ketoprofen	Ketoprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Balsalazide	Balsalazide may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Ibuprofen	Ibuprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefditoren	Cefditoren may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Atazanavir	Atazanavir may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Colistimethate	Colistimethate may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefuroxime	Cefuroxime may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefapirin	Cefapirin may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefadroxil	Cefadroxil may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefprozil	Cefprozil may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftriaxone	Ceftriaxone may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Olsalazine	Olsalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Lumiracoxib	Lumiracoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefamandole	Cefamandole may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefazolin	Cefazolin may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefonicid	Cefonicid may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefoperazone	Cefoperazone may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotetan	Cefotetan may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefoxitin	Cefoxitin may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftizoxime	Ceftizoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefradine	Cefradine may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Magnesium salicylate	Magnesium salicylate may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Salsalate	Salsalate may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Choline magnesium trisalicylate	Choline magnesium trisalicylate may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefepime	Cefepime may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefacetrile	Cefacetrile may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftibuten	Ceftibuten may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefpodoxime	Cefpodoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Antrafenine	Antrafenine may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Aminophenazone	Aminophenazone may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Antipyrine	Antipyrine may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Tiaprofenic acid	Tiaprofenic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Lopinavir	Lopinavir may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Etoricoxib	Etoricoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Hydrolyzed Cephalothin	Hydrolyzed Cephalothin may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephalothin Group	Cephalothin Group may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Oxyphenbutazone	Oxyphenbutazone may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Latamoxef	Latamoxef may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Nimesulide	Nimesulide may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Benoxaprofen	Benoxaprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Metamizole	Metamizole may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Zomepirac	Zomepirac may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftobiprole	Ceftobiprole may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Cimicoxib	Cimicoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftaroline fosamil	Ceftaroline fosamil may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Lornoxicam	Lornoxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.
Aceclofenac	Aceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Invert sugar which could result in a higher serum level.

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 13120839
TODD RM: Some observations on the use of fructose and invert sugar in infants. Proc R Soc Med. 1953 Dec;46(12):1066-8.
PMID: 19064536
White JS: Straight talk about high-fructose corn syrup: what it is and what it ain't. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Dec;88(6):1716S-1721S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.25825B.
PMID: 13114922
JONXIS JH, HUISMAN TH: The excretion of sugars after the intravenous administration of invert sugar. Arch Dis Child. 1953 Dec;28(142):446-9.
PMID: 736717
Kouider S, Kolb FE, Lippmann R: Behavior of various blood constituents (glucose, fructose, insulin, lactate, pyruvate, free fatty acids, inorganic phosphate) and the half-life of monosaccharides in plasma after i.v infusion of glucose, fructose, galactose and invert sugar solutions in ruminants. 3. Studies in sheep. Arch Exp Veterinarmed. 1978;32(5):715-25.
PMID: 736723
Kouider S, Kolb FE, Muller I, Schmidt V: Use of invert sugar, fructose and sorbitol and on their effect on various plasma constituents after intravenous infusion in the dog. Arch Exp Veterinarmed. 1978;32(5):795-809.

Textbook

American Medical Association (1973). American Medical Associaton Drug Evaluation (2nd ed.). Publishing Sciences group.
Budavari S., et al. (1996). The Merck Index. Merck and Co..
Benedich A. and Deckelbaum R. (2015). Preventive nutrition (5th ed.). Springer .
Sandberg F. and Corrigan D. (2001). Natural remedies their origins and uses. Taylor and Francis.

Link

DCP monograph

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 0 • International brands: 0

Belum ada data produk/brand untuk obat ini pada database. Jalankan import DrugBank untuk mengisi field produk/brand.

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.