Peringatan Keamanan

The oral LD50 of sodium fluoride is 44 mg/kg in mice and 31 mg/kg in rats. The oral LD50 of sodium fluoride in rabbits is 200 mg/kg.L7679

Overdose information

The ingestion of toothpaste is the major cause of sodium fluoride overdose. This is followed by sodium fluoride supplements and mouth rinses. Most causes of sodium fluoride toxicity have been observed in children under the age of 6 years old.A181670 The manifestations of a sodium fluoride overdose may include gastrointestinal disturbance, abdominal pain, alterations in taste, seizures, salivation, bradycardia, tachycardia, headache, tremor, and shallow breathing.L7676 Gastrointestinal bleeding may also occur in addition to a sensation of burning in the mouth.L7670 Hypotension, bronchospasm, fixed mydriasis, and elevated potassium can also occur which, in turn, may lead to arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.A181670

Management

If a dose greater than 5 mg fluoride per kilogram of body weight (2.3 mg fluoride per pound of body weight) has been taken, it is advisable to induce vomiting. Administer calcium in an oral, soluble form (for example, 5% calcium gluconate, a solution of calcium lactate, or milk). The patient should seek immediate medical attention. If a sodium fluoride ingestion of 15 mg fluoride/kg of body weight or more occurs (i.e. higher than 6.9 mg fluoride per pound), immediately induce vomiting, provide supportive care, and admit the patient to the hospital for observation.L7670

Sodium fluoride

DB09325

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Sodium fluoride is an inorganic chemical compound that is a source of the fluoride ion in many applications, including dental care and radiographic imaging when it is used as Fluoride ion F-18.L4894 Sodium fluoride's benefits on dental health were first observed in the 1930s, when individuals in communities with fluoridated drinking water showed less tooth decay than those without fluoridated water. The use of fluoride in dental practice began in the 1940s. Now, sodium fluoride may be found in a variety of gels, varnishes, rinses, toothpaste products, and fluoride treatments provided in dental care.A181670,A181688 According to the American Dental Association (ADA), thorough evidence reviews have indicated that the use of fluoride to prevent and control dental caries is safe when used correctly and is highly effective in reducing the prevalence of caries.L7691

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 41.9882
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The terminal plasma elimination half-life following the ingestion of fluoridated drinking water generally ranges from 3 to 10 hours.[L7685] The half-life of sodium fluoride in the bones is 20 years.[L7697]
Volume Distribusi Fluoride distributes to the saliva, bones, and teeth, and is also found in lesser quantities in the breastmilk and sweat.[A181652] After the ingestion of sodium fluoridated drinking water, the fluoride ions are found to distribute to the plasma and blood cells. Plasma levels of fluoride concentrations are twice as the concentrations found in blood cells.[L7685] Adults have been found to retain 36% of ingested fluoride and children have been found to retain about 50% of a dose. Most of the retained fluoride is localized to bone and teeth and 1% accumulates in soft tissues.[A181652] Fluoride crosses the placenta and the blood-brain barrier. The central nervous system concentrations of sodium fluoride are estimated to reach 20% the plasma concentrations.[L7685] Studies conducted in communities with high levels of fluoride in water did not show any increase in birth defects.[L7670] The placenta is able to regulate the accumulation of excess fluoride, possibly protecting the fetus from high levels of fluoride.[A181670] Despite this, excessively high exposure to fluoride in utero may lead to skeletal fluorosis.[L7670]
Klirens (Clearance) Sodium fluoride is rapidly cleared by the kidneys and depends on various factors, including glomerular filtration rate, urine flow, and urine pH.[L7685] According to one clinical study evaluating the pharmacokinetics of oral sodium fluoride tablets in healthy young adults, the renal clearance was determined to be 77.4 ± 11.2mL/min for acidic urine and 78.4 ± 6.9mL/min for alkaline urine.[A181658] Another reference estimates the renal clearance of fluoride ions from sodium fluoridated water at 35–45 mL/min.[A181664]

Absorpsi

Sodium fluoride is 90% absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with 77% of absorption in the proximal intestine and about 25% in the stomach. The rate of absorption may vary according to gastric pH. Cmax is reached 20-60 minutes after ingestion.A181658 Cmax was estimated to be 848 ± 116 ng/mL after a 20mg sodium fluoride solution was ingested, with a Tmax of 0.46 ± 0.17 hours.A181652 The bioavailability of sodium fluoride tablets administered in the fasted state during one pharmacokinetic study approached 100%.A181658 Another resource reports a sodium fluoride AUC of 1.14 ± 0.12 ?g × h/mL after the ingestion of fluoridated water.A181664

Metabolisme

Several factors can affect the metabolism of sodium fluoride. These include disorders of acid-base balance, circadian rhythm, hematocrit level, high or low altitude, the level physical activity, hormonal status, renal function, genetic predispositions in addition to the diet.A181652

Rute Eliminasi

Sodium fluoride is rapidly excreted, mainly in the urine. About 90% of fluoride is filtered by the glomerulus and reabsorbed by the renal tubules. About 10% is excreted in the feces.A181652

Interaksi Makanan

1 Data
  • 1. Avoid milk and dairy products. Do no take this drug within 1 hour of consuming dairy products.

Interaksi Obat

717 Data
Cyclosporine Cyclosporine may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotiam Cefotiam may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Mesalazine Mesalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefmenoxime Cefmenoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefmetazole Cefmetazole may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Pamidronic acid Pamidronic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Tenofovir disoproxil Tenofovir disoproxil may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Indomethacin Indomethacin may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cidofovir Cidofovir may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefpiramide Cefpiramide may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftazidime Ceftazidime may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Loracarbef Loracarbef may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefalotin Cefalotin may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Nabumetone Nabumetone may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Ketorolac Ketorolac may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Tenoxicam Tenoxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Celecoxib Celecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotaxime Cefotaxime may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Tolmetin Tolmetin may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Foscarnet Foscarnet may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Rofecoxib Rofecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Piroxicam Piroxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Methotrexate Methotrexate may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephalexin Cephalexin may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Fenoprofen Fenoprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Valaciclovir Valaciclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Valdecoxib Valdecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Diclofenac Diclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Sulindac Sulindac may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Bacitracin Bacitracin may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Amphotericin B Amphotericin B may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephaloglycin Cephaloglycin may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Adefovir dipivoxil Adefovir dipivoxil may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Pentamidine Pentamidine may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Etodolac Etodolac may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Mefenamic acid Mefenamic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Acyclovir Acyclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Naproxen Naproxen may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Meloxicam Meloxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Carprofen Carprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefaclor Cefaclor may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Diflunisal Diflunisal may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Tacrolimus Tacrolimus may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceforanide Ceforanide may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Salicylic acid Salicylic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Acetylsalicylic acid Acetylsalicylic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Carboplatin Carboplatin may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Oxaprozin Oxaprozin may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Ketoprofen Ketoprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Balsalazide Balsalazide may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Ibuprofen Ibuprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefditoren Cefditoren may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Atazanavir Atazanavir may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Colistimethate Colistimethate may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefuroxime Cefuroxime may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefapirin Cefapirin may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefadroxil Cefadroxil may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefprozil Cefprozil may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftriaxone Ceftriaxone may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Olsalazine Olsalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Lumiracoxib Lumiracoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefamandole Cefamandole may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefazolin Cefazolin may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefonicid Cefonicid may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefoperazone Cefoperazone may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotetan Cefotetan may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefoxitin Cefoxitin may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftizoxime Ceftizoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefradine Cefradine may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Magnesium salicylate Magnesium salicylate may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Salsalate Salsalate may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Choline magnesium trisalicylate Choline magnesium trisalicylate may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefepime Cefepime may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefacetrile Cefacetrile may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftibuten Ceftibuten may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefpodoxime Cefpodoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Antrafenine Antrafenine may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Aminophenazone Aminophenazone may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Antipyrine Antipyrine may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Tiaprofenic acid Tiaprofenic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Lopinavir Lopinavir may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Etoricoxib Etoricoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Hydrolyzed Cephalothin Hydrolyzed Cephalothin may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephalothin Group Cephalothin Group may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Latamoxef Latamoxef may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Nimesulide Nimesulide may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Benoxaprofen Benoxaprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Metamizole Metamizole may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Zomepirac Zomepirac may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftobiprole Ceftobiprole may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cimicoxib Cimicoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftaroline fosamil Ceftaroline fosamil may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Lornoxicam Lornoxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Aceclofenac Aceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Zaltoprofen Zaltoprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.

Target Protein

Hydroxyapatite

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 27147921
    Kanduti D, Sterbenk P, Artnik B: FLUORIDE: A REVIEW OF USE AND EFFECTS ON HEALTH. Mater Sociomed. 2016 Apr;28(2):133-7. doi: 10.5455/msm.2016.28.133-137. Epub 2016 Mar 25.
  • PMID: 24719570
    Peckham S, Awofeso N: Water fluoridation: a critical review of the physiological effects of ingested fluoride as a public health intervention. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014 Feb 26;2014:293019. doi: 10.1155/2014/293019. eCollection 2014.
  • PMID: 2339637
    Ekstrand J, Spak CJ: Fluoride pharmacokinetics: its implications in the fluoride treatment of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 1990 Mar;5 Suppl 1:S53-61. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.5650051380.
  • PMID: 18514162
    Whitford GM, Sampaio FC, Pinto CS, Maria AG, Cardoso VE, Buzalaf MA: Pharmacokinetics of ingested fluoride: lack of effect of chemical compound. Arch Oral Biol. 2008 Nov;53(11):1037-41. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.04.001. Epub 2008 Jun 2.
  • PMID: 29085574
    Ullah R, Zafar MS, Shahani N: Potential fluoride toxicity from oral medicaments: A review. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2017 Aug;20(8):841-848. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2017.9104.
  • PMID: 26889098
    Medjedovic E, Medjedovic S, Deljo D, Sukalo A: IMPACT OF FLUORIDE ON DENTAL HEALTH QUALITY. Mater Sociomed. 2015 Dec;27(6):395-8. doi: 10.5455/msm.2015.27.395-398.
  • PMID: 21701194
    Buzalaf MAR, Pessan JP, Honorio HM, Ten Cate JM: Mechanisms of action of fluoride for caries control. Monogr Oral Sci. 2011;22:97-114. doi: 10.1159/000325151. Epub 2011 Jun 23.
  • PMID: 21701193
    DenBesten P, Li W: Chronic fluoride toxicity: dental fluorosis. Monogr Oral Sci. 2011;22:81-96. doi: 10.1159/000327028. Epub 2011 Jun 23.
Menampilkan 8 dari 10 artikel.

Contoh Produk & Brand

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