Peringatan Keamanan

Chondroitin sulfate does not present a carcinogenic potential.L1527 On tolerability assays, it has been shown to present great safety and good tolerability without significant severe side effects.A32066

Chondroitin sulfate

DB09301

small molecule approved investigational nutraceutical

Deskripsi

Chondroitin sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan considered as a symptomatic slow-acting drug for osteoarthritis (SYSADOA).A7906 The SYSADOA status suggested a pain relief and increased joint mobility after a relative long regular administration, as well as a long-lasting effect after the end of the treatment. Chondroitin sulfate is composed of alternating 1,3-N-acetyl-?-d-galactosamine and 1,4-?-d-glucuronic acid units which bear 4-O- and/or 6-O-sulfations at the N-acetylgalactosamine units disposed of in specific patterns. Depending on the predominating disaccharide unit, it will present different biological activities.A32063 Chondroitin sulfate is sold as an OTC dietary supplement in North America and it is a prescription drug under the EMA in Europe.A32066

Struktur Molekul 2D

Struktur tidak tersedia

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The approximate half-life of chondroitin sulfate and its derivative metabolites is 15 hours.[A32066] After intramuscular administration of chondroitin sulfate in humans, the elimination half-life of the chondroitin sulfate was of 275 min. When administered orally, the elimination half-life was presented at 310 min.[A32068]
Volume Distribusi After intramuscular administration of chondroitin sulfate, the apparent volume of distribution was 0.40 ml/g. When administered orally, the apparent volume of distribution changed to 0.44ml/g.[A32068]
Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

Chondroitin sulfate is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.A32063 The absorbed portion reaches a ratio of 10% as unchanged chondroitin sulfate and 90% as depolymerized low-molecular-weight derivatives. This absorption depends on the sulfation status. The bioavailability of chondroitin sulfate ranges from 10-20% following oral administration. Reports have shown a consistent accumulation of the compound in joint tissue. The steady-state is attained after 3-4 days and it takes around 3-6 months to obtain the maximal effect.A32066 After intramuscular administration of chondroitin sulfate, the peak plasma level of 3.8 mcg/ml was reached after 90 min. When given orally, the peak plasma concentration of 4.6 mcg/ml was reached after 240 min.A32068

Metabolisme

Chondroitin sulfate is not metabolized by cytochrome P450.A32066 Reports have indicated the presence in plasma of mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides with a molecular weight of less of 5 kDa which are derived from the partial digestion of exogenous chondroitin sulfate.A32068 The reported degradation of chondroitin sulfate seems to be very complex and led by the formation of smaller digestion derivatives of the original form.L1536

Rute Eliminasi

Chondroitin sulfate is excreted in the urine as intact polymers and as partial degradation products.A32063 After intramuscular administration, about 37% of the administered dose is excreted by urine during the first 24 hours as high- and low-molecular-weight derivatives.A32068

Interaksi Obat

730 Data
Warfarin Chondroitin sulfate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Warfarin.
Acenocoumarol Chondroitin sulfate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Acenocoumarol.
(R)-warfarin Chondroitin sulfate may increase the anticoagulant activities of (R)-warfarin.
R,S-Warfarin alcohol Chondroitin sulfate may increase the anticoagulant activities of R,S-Warfarin alcohol.
S,R-Warfarin alcohol Chondroitin sulfate may increase the anticoagulant activities of S,R-Warfarin alcohol.
(S)-Warfarin Chondroitin sulfate may increase the anticoagulant activities of (S)-Warfarin.
Cyclosporine Cyclosporine may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Icosapent Icosapent may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotiam Cefotiam may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Mesalazine Mesalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefmenoxime Cefmenoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefmetazole Cefmetazole may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Pamidronic acid Pamidronic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Tenofovir disoproxil Tenofovir disoproxil may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Indomethacin Indomethacin may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cidofovir Cidofovir may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefpiramide Cefpiramide may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftazidime Ceftazidime may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Loracarbef Loracarbef may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefalotin Cefalotin may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Nabumetone Nabumetone may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Ketorolac Ketorolac may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Tenoxicam Tenoxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Celecoxib Celecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotaxime Cefotaxime may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Tolmetin Tolmetin may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Foscarnet Foscarnet may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Rofecoxib Rofecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Piroxicam Piroxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Methotrexate Methotrexate may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephalexin Cephalexin may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Fenoprofen Fenoprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Valaciclovir Valaciclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Valdecoxib Valdecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Diclofenac Diclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Sulindac Sulindac may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Bacitracin Bacitracin may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Amphotericin B Amphotericin B may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephaloglycin Cephaloglycin may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Adefovir dipivoxil Adefovir dipivoxil may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Pentamidine Pentamidine may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Etodolac Etodolac may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Mefenamic acid Mefenamic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Acyclovir Acyclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Naproxen Naproxen may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Meloxicam Meloxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Carprofen Carprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefaclor Cefaclor may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Diflunisal Diflunisal may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Tacrolimus Tacrolimus may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceforanide Ceforanide may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Salicylic acid Salicylic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Acetylsalicylic acid Acetylsalicylic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Carboplatin Carboplatin may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Oxaprozin Oxaprozin may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Ketoprofen Ketoprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Balsalazide Balsalazide may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefditoren Cefditoren may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Atazanavir Atazanavir may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Colistimethate Colistimethate may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefuroxime Cefuroxime may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefapirin Cefapirin may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefadroxil Cefadroxil may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefprozil Cefprozil may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftriaxone Ceftriaxone may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Olsalazine Olsalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Lumiracoxib Lumiracoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefamandole Cefamandole may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefazolin Cefazolin may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefonicid Cefonicid may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefoperazone Cefoperazone may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotetan Cefotetan may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefoxitin Cefoxitin may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftizoxime Ceftizoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefradine Cefradine may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Magnesium salicylate Magnesium salicylate may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Salsalate Salsalate may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Choline magnesium trisalicylate Choline magnesium trisalicylate may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefepime Cefepime may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefacetrile Cefacetrile may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftibuten Ceftibuten may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefpodoxime Cefpodoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Antrafenine Antrafenine may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Aminophenazone Aminophenazone may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Antipyrine Antipyrine may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Tiaprofenic acid Tiaprofenic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Lopinavir Lopinavir may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Etoricoxib Etoricoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Hydrolyzed Cephalothin Hydrolyzed Cephalothin may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephalothin Group Cephalothin Group may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Latamoxef Latamoxef may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Nimesulide Nimesulide may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Benoxaprofen Benoxaprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Metamizole Metamizole may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Zomepirac Zomepirac may decrease the excretion rate of Chondroitin sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.

Target Protein

Neurotrophic factor BDNF precursor form BDNF
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor GDNF
Vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form VEGFA
C-C motif chemokine 2 CCL2

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 17644553
    Monfort J, Pelletier JP, Garcia-Giralt N, Martel-Pelletier J: Biochemical basis of the effect of chondroitin sulphate on osteoarthritis articular tissues. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008 Jun;67(6):735-40. Epub 2007 Jul 20.
  • PMID: 26428128
    da Cunha AL, de Oliveira LG, Maia LF, de Oliveira LF, Michelacci YM, de Aguiar JA: Pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate: Structural analysis and identification of contaminants in different commercial preparations. Carbohydr Polym. 2015 Dec 10;134:300-8. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.006. Epub 2015 Aug 8.
  • PMID: 19814858
    Volpi N: Quality of different chondroitin sulfate preparations in relation to their therapeutic activity. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2009 Oct;61(10):1271-80. doi: 10.1211/jpp/61.10.0002.
  • PMID: 22870459
    Henrotin Y, Mathy M, Sanchez C, Lambert C: Chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis: from in vitro studies to clinical recommendations. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2010 Dec;2(6):335-48. doi: 10.1177/1759720X10383076.
  • PMID: 7995679
    Ronca G, Conte A: Metabolic fate of partially depolymerized shark chondroitin sulfate in man. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 1993;13 Suppl:27-34.
  • PMID: 17178194
    Saito A, Munakata H: Analysis of plasma proteins that bind to glycosaminoglycans. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Feb;1770(2):241-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.10.015. Epub 2006 Nov 7.

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