Peringatan Keamanan

Choline is a natural compound with no known toxic effects at the levels administered in the form of choline C11. The carcinogenic effect of choline C11 has not been determined in long-term studies.L1492

Choline C 11

DB09277

small molecule approved investigational

Deskripsi

Choline C 11 is a marker for cellular proliferation as its main molecule is a precursor for the biosynthesis of phospholipids which are essential components of all cell membranes.A32041 It was developed by MCPRF and FDA first approved in September 2012.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 138.62
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) The isotope half-life of choline C11 is 20.4 min.[A32037]
Volume Distribusi -
Klirens (Clearance) After intravenous injection, choline C11 is rapidly cleared from the bloodstream. The clearance rate of choline C11 is or 0.014 ml/min.[L1492]

Absorpsi

The highest normal tissue uptake is seen in renal cortex, liver, pancreas and salivary glands. It presents a variable bowel, prostate and pituitary uptake and a low uptake in the cerebral cortex. The short half-life of choline C11 limits the availability and it is recommended to be delivered within 2-3 half-lives from producing cyclotron.L1492

Metabolisme

Choline C11 is phosphorylated by choline kinase and incorporated into phospholipids in the body. In some of the tissues, choline oxidation is prominent. The oxidative metabolite of choline is betaine which is the major metabolite of choline C11. A small portion of the administered dose remains unchanged 40 minutes after administration.L1492

Rute Eliminasi

Choline 11 presents a minimal urinary excretion and it represents <2% of the injected radioactivity.A32037 After intravenous administration, choline C11 gets rapidly cleared from the circulation (<3 min) with a high clearance by liver and kidneys.L1492 The oxidation metabolite of choline, named betaine, is excreted into the urine.L1492

Interaksi Obat

739 Data
Colchicine The therapeutic efficacy of Choline C 11 can be decreased when used in combination with Colchicine.
Leuprolide Leuprolide may decrease effectiveness of Choline C 11 as a diagnostic agent.
Goserelin Goserelin may decrease effectiveness of Choline C 11 as a diagnostic agent.
Gonadorelin Gonadorelin may decrease effectiveness of Choline C 11 as a diagnostic agent.
Nafarelin Nafarelin may decrease effectiveness of Choline C 11 as a diagnostic agent.
Buserelin Buserelin may decrease effectiveness of Choline C 11 as a diagnostic agent.
Histrelin Histrelin may decrease effectiveness of Choline C 11 as a diagnostic agent.
Triptorelin Triptorelin may decrease effectiveness of Choline C 11 as a diagnostic agent.
Deslorelin Deslorelin may decrease effectiveness of Choline C 11 as a diagnostic agent.
Bicalutamide Bicalutamide may decrease effectiveness of Choline C 11 as a diagnostic agent.
Flutamide Flutamide may decrease effectiveness of Choline C 11 as a diagnostic agent.
Nilutamide Nilutamide may decrease effectiveness of Choline C 11 as a diagnostic agent.
Cyproterone acetate Cyproterone acetate may decrease effectiveness of Choline C 11 as a diagnostic agent.
Enzalutamide Enzalutamide may decrease effectiveness of Choline C 11 as a diagnostic agent.
Apalutamide Apalutamide may decrease effectiveness of Choline C 11 as a diagnostic agent.
Chlormadinone Chlormadinone may decrease effectiveness of Choline C 11 as a diagnostic agent.
Darolutamide Darolutamide may decrease effectiveness of Choline C 11 as a diagnostic agent.
Relugolix Relugolix may decrease effectiveness of Choline C 11 as a diagnostic agent.
Chlormadinone acetate Chlormadinone acetate may decrease effectiveness of Choline C 11 as a diagnostic agent.
Cyclosporine Cyclosporine may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Icosapent Icosapent may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotiam Cefotiam may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Mesalazine Mesalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefmenoxime Cefmenoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefmetazole Cefmetazole may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Pamidronic acid Pamidronic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Tenofovir disoproxil Tenofovir disoproxil may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Indomethacin Indomethacin may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cidofovir Cidofovir may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefpiramide Cefpiramide may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftazidime Ceftazidime may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Loracarbef Loracarbef may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefalotin Cefalotin may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Nabumetone Nabumetone may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Ketorolac Ketorolac may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Tenoxicam Tenoxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Celecoxib Celecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotaxime Cefotaxime may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Tolmetin Tolmetin may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Foscarnet Foscarnet may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Rofecoxib Rofecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Piroxicam Piroxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Methotrexate Methotrexate may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephalexin Cephalexin may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Fenoprofen Fenoprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Valaciclovir Valaciclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Valdecoxib Valdecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Diclofenac Diclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Sulindac Sulindac may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Bacitracin Bacitracin may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Amphotericin B Amphotericin B may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephaloglycin Cephaloglycin may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Adefovir dipivoxil Adefovir dipivoxil may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Pentamidine Pentamidine may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Etodolac Etodolac may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Mefenamic acid Mefenamic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Acyclovir Acyclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Naproxen Naproxen may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Meloxicam Meloxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Carprofen Carprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefaclor Cefaclor may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Diflunisal Diflunisal may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Tacrolimus Tacrolimus may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceforanide Ceforanide may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Salicylic acid Salicylic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Acetylsalicylic acid Acetylsalicylic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Carboplatin Carboplatin may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Oxaprozin Oxaprozin may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Ketoprofen Ketoprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Balsalazide Balsalazide may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Ibuprofen Ibuprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefditoren Cefditoren may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Atazanavir Atazanavir may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Colistimethate Colistimethate may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefuroxime Cefuroxime may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefapirin Cefapirin may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefadroxil Cefadroxil may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefprozil Cefprozil may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftriaxone Ceftriaxone may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Olsalazine Olsalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Lumiracoxib Lumiracoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefamandole Cefamandole may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefazolin Cefazolin may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefonicid Cefonicid may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefoperazone Cefoperazone may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotetan Cefotetan may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefoxitin Cefoxitin may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftizoxime Ceftizoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefradine Cefradine may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Magnesium salicylate Magnesium salicylate may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Salsalate Salsalate may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Choline magnesium trisalicylate Choline magnesium trisalicylate may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefepime Cefepime may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefacetrile Cefacetrile may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftibuten Ceftibuten may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefpodoxime Cefpodoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Choline C 11 which could result in a higher serum level.

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 27510010
    Chotipanich C, Kunawudhi A, Promteangtrong C, Tungsuppawattanakit P, Sricharunrat T, Wongsa P: Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using C11 Choline PET/CT: Comparison with F18 FDG, ContrastEnhanced MRI and MDCT. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(7):3569-73.
  • PMID: 22617062
    Fox JJ, Schoder H, Larson SM: Molecular imaging of prostate cancer. Curr Opin Urol. 2012 Jul;22(4):320-7. doi: 10.1097/MOU.0b013e32835483d5.
  • PMID: 26761541
    Welle CL, Cullen EL, Peller PJ, Lowe VJ, Murphy RC, Johnson GB, Binkovitz LA: (1)(1)C-Choline PET/CT in Recurrent Prostate Cancer and Nonprostatic Neoplastic Processes. Radiographics. 2016 Jan-Feb;36(1):279-92. doi: 10.1148/rg.2016150135.
  • PMID: 11476167
    Krohn KA: Evaluation of alternative approaches for imaging cellular growth. Q J Nucl Med. 2001 Jun;45(2):174-8.

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