Peringatan Keamanan

LD50 = 1180 mg/kg ( Rat ).

Methylene blue

DB09241

small molecule approved investigational

Deskripsi

Methylene blue is an oxidation-reduction agent. The intravenous form of methylene blue is approved by the FDA for the treatment of pediatric and adult patients with acquired methemoglobinemia. Historically, it has been widely used in Africa to treat malaria, but now it disappeared when chloroquine (CQ) and other drugs entered the market. Its use as an urinary tract antiseptic has also been investigated.

Methylthioninium chloride (INN, or methylene blue, proposed trade name Rember) is an investigational drug being developed by the University of Aberdeen and TauRx Therapeutics that has been shown in early clinical trials to be an inhibitor of Tau protein aggregation. The drug is of potential interest for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 319.85
Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler
Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) 5–6.5 hours (after IV dose).
Volume Distribusi 10 mg/kg (in rats).
Klirens (Clearance) 3.0 ± 0.7 L/min.

Absorpsi

Data absorpsi tidak tersedia.

Metabolisme

Following distribution into tissues, rapidly reduced to leukomethylene blue (leucomethylthioninium chloride). Metabolism to leucomethylene blue may be less efficient in neonates than in older individuals.

Rute Eliminasi

Excreted in urine and bile. About 75% of an oral dose excreted in urine, primarily as stabilized colorless leukomethylene blue.

Interaksi Obat

2283 Data
Afatinib The serum concentration of Afatinib can be increased when it is combined with Methylene blue.
Bosutinib The serum concentration of Bosutinib can be increased when it is combined with Methylene blue.
Brentuximab vedotin The serum concentration of Brentuximab vedotin can be increased when it is combined with Methylene blue.
Colchicine The serum concentration of Colchicine can be increased when it is combined with Methylene blue.
Edoxaban The serum concentration of Edoxaban can be increased when it is combined with Methylene blue.
Ledipasvir The serum concentration of Ledipasvir can be increased when it is combined with Methylene blue.
Naloxegol The serum concentration of Naloxegol can be increased when it is combined with Methylene blue.
Pazopanib The serum concentration of Pazopanib can be increased when it is combined with Methylene blue.
Prucalopride The serum concentration of Prucalopride can be increased when it is combined with Methylene blue.
Ranolazine The serum concentration of Ranolazine can be increased when it is combined with Methylene blue.
Silodosin The excretion of Silodosin can be decreased when combined with Methylene blue.
Topotecan The serum concentration of Topotecan can be increased when it is combined with Methylene blue.
Cilostazol The serum concentration of Cilostazol can be increased when it is combined with Methylene blue.
Deferasirox The serum concentration of Methylene blue can be increased when it is combined with Deferasirox.
Peginterferon alfa-2b The serum concentration of Methylene blue can be increased when it is combined with Peginterferon alfa-2b.
Leflunomide The serum concentration of Methylene blue can be decreased when it is combined with Leflunomide.
Teriflunomide The serum concentration of Methylene blue can be decreased when it is combined with Teriflunomide.
Doxylamine Doxylamine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Methylene blue.
Dronabinol The serum concentration of Dronabinol can be increased when it is combined with Methylene blue.
Droperidol Droperidol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Methylene blue.
Hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Methylene blue.
Magnesium sulfate The therapeutic efficacy of Methylene blue can be increased when used in combination with Magnesium sulfate.
Minocycline Minocycline may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Methylene blue.
Nabilone Nabilone may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Methylene blue.
Orphenadrine Methylene blue may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Orphenadrine.
Paraldehyde Methylene blue may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde.
Perampanel Perampanel may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Methylene blue.
Pramipexole Methylene blue may increase the sedative activities of Pramipexole.
Rufinamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Rufinamide is combined with Methylene blue.
Sodium oxybate Methylene blue may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Sodium oxybate.
Suvorexant Methylene blue may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Suvorexant.
Thalidomide Methylene blue may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Thalidomide.
Zolpidem Methylene blue may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Zolpidem.
Dabrafenib The serum concentration of Methylene blue can be decreased when it is combined with Dabrafenib.
Eliglustat The metabolism of Eliglustat can be decreased when combined with Methylene blue.
Ibrutinib The metabolism of Ibrutinib can be decreased when combined with Methylene blue.
Everolimus The serum concentration of Everolimus can be increased when it is combined with Methylene blue.
Rifaximin The serum concentration of Rifaximin can be increased when it is combined with Methylene blue.
Porfimer sodium Methylene blue may increase the photosensitizing activities of Porfimer sodium.
Verteporfin Methylene blue may increase the photosensitizing activities of Verteporfin.
Methylergometrine The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylergometrine is combined with Methylene blue.
Phenmetrazine The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Phenmetrazine is combined with Methylene blue.
Ephedrine The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Ephedrine is combined with Methylene blue.
Epicaptopril The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Epicaptopril is combined with Methylene blue.
Taxifolin The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Taxifolin is combined with Methylene blue.
1-benzylimidazole The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when 1-benzylimidazole is combined with Methylene blue.
Amibegron The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Amibegron is combined with Methylene blue.
Nylidrin The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Nylidrin is combined with Methylene blue.
Solabegron The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Solabegron is combined with Methylene blue.
Saralasin The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Saralasin is combined with Methylene blue.
Tyramine The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Tyramine is combined with Methylene blue.
Adrafinil The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Adrafinil is combined with Methylene blue.
Etilefrine The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Etilefrine is combined with Methylene blue.
Synephrine The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Synephrine is combined with Methylene blue.
Amitraz The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Amitraz.
Atipamezole The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Atipamezole.
Ractopamine The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Ractopamine.
Tulobuterol The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Tulobuterol.
Dopexamine The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Dopexamine.
Idazoxan The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Idazoxan.
Ebselen The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Ebselen.
Higenamine The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Higenamine.
Reproterol The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Reproterol.
Tramazoline The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Tramazoline.
Octopamine The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Octopamine.
Fenozolone The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Fenozolone.
Norfenefrine The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Norfenefrine.
Oxyfedrine The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Oxyfedrine.
Terguride The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Terguride.
Xenon The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Xenon is combined with Methylene blue.
Rimiterol The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Rimiterol.
Tretoquinol The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Tretoquinol.
Prenalterol The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Prenalterol.
Xamoterol The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Xamoterol.
Mefenorex The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Mefenorex.
Deoxyepinephrine The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Deoxyepinephrine.
Quinoline Yellow WS The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Quinoline Yellow WS.
Naxitamab The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Naxitamab.
Luliconazole The serum concentration of Methylene blue can be increased when it is combined with Luliconazole.
Fentanyl Fentanyl may increase the serotonergic activities of Methylene blue.
Retapamulin The metabolism of Retapamulin can be decreased when combined with Methylene blue.
Tofacitinib The metabolism of Tofacitinib can be decreased when combined with Methylene blue.
Vardenafil The metabolism of Vardenafil can be decreased when combined with Methylene blue.
Zopiclone The metabolism of Zopiclone can be decreased when combined with Methylene blue.
Lovastatin The metabolism of Lovastatin can be decreased when combined with Methylene blue.
Amisulpride Methylene blue may increase the antipsychotic activities of Amisulpride.
Quinagolide The therapeutic efficacy of Quinagolide can be decreased when used in combination with Methylene blue.
Sulpiride Methylene blue may increase the antipsychotic activities of Sulpiride.
Lithium hydroxide Lithium hydroxide may increase the neurotoxic activities of Methylene blue.
Lithium citrate Lithium citrate may increase the neurotoxic activities of Methylene blue.
Alfuzosin The metabolism of Alfuzosin can be decreased when combined with Methylene blue.
Alprazolam The metabolism of Alprazolam can be decreased when combined with Methylene blue.
Thiopental The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Thiopental.
Apraclonidine Methylene blue may increase the alpha-adrenergic activities of Apraclonidine.
Atomoxetine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Atomoxetine.
Betahistine The metabolism of Betahistine can be decreased when combined with Methylene blue.
Bezafibrate Methylene blue may increase the hepatotoxic activities of Bezafibrate.
Bupropion The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Bupropion.
Cyproheptadine Methylene blue may increase the anticholinergic activities of Cyproheptadine.
Domperidone The risk or severity of QTc prolongation, torsade de pointes, and cardiotoxicity can be increased when Methylene blue is combined with Domperidone.

Target Protein

Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 GUCY1A2
Nitric oxide synthase 1 NOS1

Referensi & Sumber

Artikel (PubMed)
  • PMID: 15854942
    Ozal E, Kuralay E, Yildirim V, Kilic S, Bolcal C, Kucukarslan N, Gunay C, Demirkilic U, Tatar H: Preoperative methylene blue administration in patients at high risk for vasoplegic syndrome during cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 May;79(5):1615-9.
  • PMID: 7864410
    Tuman KJ, McCarthy RJ, O'Connor CJ, Holm WE, Ivankovich AD: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors increase vasoconstrictor requirements after cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesth Analg. 1995 Mar;80(3):473-9.
  • PMID: 17026773
    Meissner PE, Mandi G, Coulibaly B, Witte S, Tapsoba T, Mansmann U, Rengelshausen J, Schiek W, Jahn A, Walter-Sack I, Mikus G, Burhenne J, Riedel KD, Schirmer RH, Kouyate B, Muller O: Methylene blue for malaria in Africa: results from a dose-finding study in combination with chloroquine. Malar J. 2006 Oct 8;5:84.
  • PMID: 12166056
    Boylston M, Beer D: Methemoglobinemia: a case study. Crit Care Nurse. 2002 Aug;22(4):50-5.
  • PMID: 10646879
    Pelgrims J, De Vos F, Van den Brande J, Schrijvers D, Prove A, Vermorken JB: Methylene blue in the treatment and prevention of ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy: report of 12 cases and a review of the literature. Br J Cancer. 2000 Jan;82(2):291-4.

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