Developed by Takeda Pharmaceuticals in the early 1980s, it is considered the prototypical compound for the thiazolidinedione class.
Ciglitazone was never used as a medication, but it sparked interest in the effects of thiazolidinediones. Several analogues were later developed, some of which—such as pioglitazone and troglitazone—made it to the market.
Ciglitazone significantly decreases VEGF production by human granulosa cells in an in vitro study, and may potentially be used in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Ciglitazone is a potent and selective PPAR? ligand with an EC50 of 3.0 µM. It is also an anti-hyperglycemic agent in the ob/ob murine model in vivo. Ciglitazone increases adipogenesis, decreases differentiation and angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), and osteoblastogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells.
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.
| Pegvisomant | The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Pegvisomant is combined with Ciglitazone. |
| Mifepristone | The serum concentration of Ciglitazone can be increased when it is combined with Mifepristone. |
| Pregabalin | The risk or severity of weight gain and edema formation can be increased when Pregabalin is combined with Ciglitazone. |
| Lipoic acid | The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Lipoic acid is combined with Ciglitazone. |
| Moxifloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Moxifloxacin. |
| Grepafloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Grepafloxacin. |
| Enoxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Enoxacin. |
| Pefloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Pefloxacin. |
| Ciprofloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Ciprofloxacin. |
| Trovafloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Trovafloxacin. |
| Nalidixic acid | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Nalidixic acid. |
| Rosoxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Rosoxacin. |
| Cinoxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Cinoxacin. |
| Lomefloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Lomefloxacin. |
| Gatifloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Gatifloxacin. |
| Norfloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Norfloxacin. |
| Levofloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Levofloxacin. |
| Gemifloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Gemifloxacin. |
| Ofloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Ofloxacin. |
| Sparfloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Sparfloxacin. |
| Temafloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Temafloxacin. |
| Fleroxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Fleroxacin. |
| Technetium Tc-99m ciprofloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Technetium Tc-99m ciprofloxacin. |
| Garenoxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Garenoxacin. |
| Nemonoxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Nemonoxacin. |
| Flumequine | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Flumequine. |
| Enrofloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Enrofloxacin. |
| Orbifloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Orbifloxacin. |
| Sarafloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Sarafloxacin. |
| Difloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Difloxacin. |
| Pazufloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Pazufloxacin. |
| Prulifloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Prulifloxacin. |
| Delafloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Delafloxacin. |
| Sitafloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Sitafloxacin. |
| Oxolinic acid | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Oxolinic acid. |
| Rufloxacin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Rufloxacin. |
| Pipemidic acid | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be increased when used in combination with Pipemidic acid. |
| Methyclothiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Methyclothiazide. |
| Chlorthalidone | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Chlorthalidone. |
| Bendroflumethiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Bendroflumethiazide. |
| Metolazone | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Metolazone. |
| Benzthiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Benzthiazide. |
| Hydroflumethiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Hydroflumethiazide. |
| Indapamide | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Indapamide. |
| Chlorothiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Chlorothiazide. |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Hydrochlorothiazide. |
| Trichlormethiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Trichlormethiazide. |
| Polythiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Polythiazide. |
| Quinethazone | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Quinethazone. |
| Cyclopenthiazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Cyclopenthiazide. |
| Epitizide | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Epitizide. |
| Protriptyline | Protriptyline may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Amoxapine | Amoxapine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Desipramine | Desipramine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Amineptine | Amineptine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Dimetacrine | Dimetacrine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Butriptyline | Butriptyline may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Dosulepin | Dosulepin may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Oxaprotiline | Oxaprotiline may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Opipramol | Opipramol may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Amitriptylinoxide | Amitriptylinoxide may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Dibenzepin | Dibenzepin may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Quinupramine | Quinupramine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Melitracen | Melitracen may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Lofepramine | Lofepramine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Iprindole | Iprindole may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Imipramine oxide | Imipramine oxide may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Imipramine | Imipramine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Nortriptyline | Nortriptyline may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Trimipramine | Trimipramine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Doxepin | Doxepin may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Clomipramine | Clomipramine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Tianeptine | Tianeptine may decrease the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Glimepiride | The therapeutic efficacy of Glimepiride can be increased when used in combination with Ciglitazone. |
| Acetohexamide | The therapeutic efficacy of Acetohexamide can be increased when used in combination with Ciglitazone. |
| Chlorpropamide | The therapeutic efficacy of Chlorpropamide can be increased when used in combination with Ciglitazone. |
| Tolazamide | The therapeutic efficacy of Tolazamide can be increased when used in combination with Ciglitazone. |
| Glyburide | The therapeutic efficacy of Glyburide can be increased when used in combination with Ciglitazone. |
| Glipizide | The therapeutic efficacy of Glipizide can be increased when used in combination with Ciglitazone. |
| Gliclazide | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliclazide can be increased when used in combination with Ciglitazone. |
| Gliquidone | The therapeutic efficacy of Gliquidone can be increased when used in combination with Ciglitazone. |
| Glisoxepide | The therapeutic efficacy of Glisoxepide can be increased when used in combination with Ciglitazone. |
| Glibornuride | The therapeutic efficacy of Glibornuride can be increased when used in combination with Ciglitazone. |
| Carbutamide | The therapeutic efficacy of Carbutamide can be increased when used in combination with Ciglitazone. |
| Metahexamide | The therapeutic efficacy of Metahexamide can be increased when used in combination with Ciglitazone. |
| Tolbutamide | The therapeutic efficacy of Tolbutamide can be increased when used in combination with Ciglitazone. |
| Dapagliflozin | Dapagliflozin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Canagliflozin | Canagliflozin may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Ciglitazone. |
| Leuprolide | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Leuprolide. |
| Goserelin | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Goserelin. |
| Ziprasidone | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Ziprasidone. |
| Etonogestrel | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Etonogestrel. |
| Desogestrel | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Desogestrel. |
| Olanzapine | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Olanzapine. |
| Megestrol acetate | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Megestrol acetate. |
| Clozapine | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Clozapine. |
| Levonorgestrel | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Levonorgestrel. |
| Progesterone | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Progesterone. |
| Chlorpromazine | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Chlorpromazine. |
| Piperazine | The therapeutic efficacy of Ciglitazone can be decreased when used in combination with Piperazine. |