Paraldehyde overdosage can produce headache, nausea, drowsiness, unconsciousness, coma, severe hypotension, respiratory depression, pulmonary edema and hemorrhages, and right-side heart failure A19738. Inhalation of paraldehyde can produce sore throat, headache, dizziness, nausea, drowsiness and unconsciousness but exposure via this route is rare. Chronic use is dependence forming and withdrawal proceeds similarly to ethanol withdrawal producing hallucinations and convulsions. Toxic hepatitis and nephritis have been observed during chronic use.
The acute LD50 values determined for various species are as follows A19738:
Rabbit - 3.3-5 g/kg (oral)
Rat - 1.5-1.65 g/kg (oral), 1.3-1.45 g/kg (i.p.)
Dog - 3-4 g/kg (oral)
Mouse - 2.75 (oral)
Cat - 3.3 (oral)
Paraldehyde was initially introduced into medical practice in the United Kingdom in 1882 by the Italian physician Vincenzo Cervello. It is classified as a central nervous system (CNS) depressant and has also been found to be an effective anticonvulsant, hypnotic and sedative agent due to its CNS depressant properties. Paraldehyde is used as an ingredient in some cough medicines as an expectorant, but its efficacy for this indication has not been confirmed and its use as an expectorant may possibly be due to a placebo effect.
Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).
drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.gene-name dan varian snp-effects.Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.
| Buprenorphine | Paraldehyde may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Buprenorphine. |
| Doxylamine | Doxylamine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Dronabinol | Dronabinol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Droperidol | Droperidol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Hydrocodone | Paraldehyde may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Hydrocodone. |
| Hydroxyzine | Hydroxyzine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Magnesium sulfate | The therapeutic efficacy of Paraldehyde can be increased when used in combination with Magnesium sulfate. |
| Methotrimeprazine | Paraldehyde may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Methotrimeprazine. |
| Metyrosine | Paraldehyde may increase the sedative activities of Metyrosine. |
| Minocycline | Minocycline may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Mirtazapine | Paraldehyde may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Mirtazapine. |
| Nabilone | Nabilone may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Orphenadrine | Paraldehyde may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Orphenadrine. |
| Botulinum toxin type B | Botulinum toxin type B may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Botulinum toxin type A | Botulinum toxin type A may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Tryptophan | Tryptophan may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Fluvoxamine | Fluvoxamine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Baclofen | Baclofen may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Lorazepam | Lorazepam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Ethchlorvynol | Ethchlorvynol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Succinylcholine | Succinylcholine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Reserpine | Reserpine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Citalopram | Citalopram may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Eletriptan | Eletriptan may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Enflurane | Enflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Temazepam | Temazepam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Reboxetine | Reboxetine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Butabarbital | Butabarbital may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Butalbital | Butalbital may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Methysergide | Methysergide may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Cabergoline | Cabergoline may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Phenytoin | Phenytoin may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Topiramate | Topiramate may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Clemastine | Clemastine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Venlafaxine | Venlafaxine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Etomidate | Etomidate may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Morphine | Morphine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Talbutal | Talbutal may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Pentobarbital | Pentobarbital may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Valproic acid | Valproic acid may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Zolmitriptan | Zolmitriptan may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Codeine | Codeine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Dihydroergotamine | Dihydroergotamine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Amitriptyline | Amitriptyline may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Tolcapone | Tolcapone may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Hydromorphone | Hydromorphone may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Olanzapine | Olanzapine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Cetirizine | Cetirizine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Protriptyline | Protriptyline may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Trimethadione | Trimethadione may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Clobazam | The risk or severity of sedation, somnolence, and CNS depression can be increased when Clobazam is combined with Paraldehyde. |
| Chlorzoxazone | Chlorzoxazone may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Clozapine | Clozapine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Meprobamate | Meprobamate may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Thiethylperazine | Thiethylperazine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Palonosetron | Palonosetron may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Sulpiride | Sulpiride may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Alprazolam | Alprazolam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Dexbrompheniramine | Dexbrompheniramine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Loxapine | Loxapine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Remoxipride | Remoxipride may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Metocurine iodide | Metocurine iodide may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Secobarbital | Secobarbital may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Promazine | Promazine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Methocarbamol | Methocarbamol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Triprolidine | Triprolidine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Prochlorperazine | Prochlorperazine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Cyproheptadine | Cyproheptadine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Meperidine | Meperidine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Imipramine | Imipramine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Metharbital | Metharbital may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Quinine | Quinine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Methohexital | Methohexital may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Chlordiazepoxide | Chlordiazepoxide may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Duloxetine | Duloxetine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Chlorpromazine | Chlorpromazine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Gallamine triethiodide | Gallamine triethiodide may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Entacapone | Entacapone may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Oxycodone | Oxycodone may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Triflupromazine | Triflupromazine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Dextromethorphan | Dextromethorphan may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Mephenytoin | Mephenytoin may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Nortriptyline | Nortriptyline may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Amoxapine | Amoxapine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Adinazolam | Adinazolam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Lamotrigine | Lamotrigine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Carbamazepine | Carbamazepine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Cisatracurium | Cisatracurium may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Fenfluramine | Fenfluramine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Mazindol | Mazindol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Fluticasone propionate | Fluticasone propionate may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Lisuride | Lisuride may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Ethosuximide | Ethosuximide may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Thiopental | Thiopental may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Cisapride | Cisapride may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Butorphanol | Butorphanol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Furazolidone | Furazolidone may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Paramethadione | Paramethadione may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Fluphenazine | Fluphenazine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |
| Efavirenz | Efavirenz may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. |