Peringatan Keamanan

Data regarding overdoses of benzoyl peroxide are not readily available.L33249,L33264,L33269,L33299,L33314 During an overdose patients may experience and increased risk or severity of adverse effects such as skin itching, burning, peeling, inflammation, and erythema.L33264,L33269,L33299,L33314

The oral LD₅₀ in rats is 490 mg/kg.^L33259

Benzoyl peroxide

DB09096

small molecule approved

Deskripsi

Benzoyl peroxide is a commonly used drug in topical treatments for acne.L33249,L33264,L33269,L33299,L33314 It has been formulated as products with either a single active ingredient,L33249,L33299 or with erythromycin,^L33264 clindamycin,^L33269 or adapalene.^L33314 After administration, the peroxide bond is cleaved, allowing benzoyloxy radicals to nonspecifically interact with proteins.A18903,A233859 This treatment decreases keratin and sebum around follicles, as well as increasing turnover of epithelial cells.A234059,A234064,A234069

Benzoyl peroxide, in combination with erythromycin, was granted FDA approval on 26 October 1984.^L33264

Struktur Molekul 2D

Berat 242.2268

Wujud solid

Peta Jejaring Molekuler

Obat Target Gen Interaksi Enzim Transporter Carrier

Legenda: Obat • Target • Gen • Enzim • (Panah → menunjukkan arah efek / relasi) • Transporter • Carrier

1. Pendahuluan & Konsep

Fitur visualisasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Graph Theory untuk memetakan hubungan polifarmasi dan molekuler. Entitas (Obat, Target, Gen) direpresentasikan sebagai Simpul (Nodes), sedangkan hubungan biologisnya sebagai Sisi (Edges).

2. Sumber Data (Validasi)

Data Obat: Diekstraksi dari elemen drugbank-id dan name pada skema XML DrugBank.
Target Protein: Diambil dari elemen targets/target yang memuat polipeptida sasaran.
Genetik: Disinkronisasi dari sub-elemen gene-name dan varian snp-effects.
Genetik: Jumlah titik node dibatasi pada maksimal 10 (Slice=10) interaksi untuk menghindari tumpukan data.

3. Algoritma Visualisasi

Tata letak grafik menggunakan algoritma Force-Directed Graph (Barnes-Hut). Model fisika ini menerapkan gaya tolak-menolak antar simpul (Gravitasi: -3000) agar tidak tumpang tindih, serta gaya pegas (Spring: 0.04) pada garis penghubung untuk fleksibilitas interaksi.

4. Legenda Visual

Obat Utama (Pusat Analisis)

Target Protein (Mekanisme)

Gen (Faktor Genetik)

Metode ini mendukung analisis Precision Medicine dan evaluasi risiko Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI).

Profil Farmakokinetik

Waktu Paruh (Half-Life) -

Volume Distribusi -

Klirens (Clearance) -

Absorpsi

In a sample of excised skin, 1.9% of a radiolabelled topical dose fully penetrates the skin, and 2.6% remains in the skin.A233859,A18902 The radiolabelled dose that fully penetrates the skin is recovered as benzoic acid, while the dose in the skin is approximately half benzoic acid and half benzoyl peroxide.^A18902 95.5% of a radiolabelled dose is not absorbed or metabolized after 8 hours.^A18902

Metabolisme

The peroxide bond of benzoyl peroxide is cleaved to form 2 benzoyloxy radicals.^A18903 The benzyoyloxy radicals may interact with other molecules, forming benzoic acid; alternatively, benzoyloxy radicals can break down further to release carbon dioxide and a phenyl radical.^A18903

Rute Eliminasi

Benzoyl peroxide's metabolite benzoic acid, is eliminated in the urine.^A233859 Data regarding fecal elimination is not readily available.

Interaksi Obat

1 Data

Dapsone

The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benzoyl peroxide is combined with Dapsone.

Target Protein

Catalase CAT

Glutathione peroxidase GPX5

Antizyme inhibitor 2 AZIN2

Protein kinase C PRKCA

Superoxide Dismutases SOD3

Referensi & Sumber

Synthesis reference: 1. Zenz, C. Occupational Medicine - Principles and Practical Applications. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Yearbook Inc.; 1988: 712. 2. Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc.; 1996: 187. 3. Ashford, RD. Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals. London, England: Wavelength Publications Ltd.; 1994: 119.

Artikel (PubMed)

PMID: 1782351
Swauger JE, Dolan PM, Zweier JL, Kuppusamy P, Kensler TW: Role of the benzoyloxyl radical in DNA damage mediated by benzoyl peroxide. Chem Res Toxicol. 1991 Mar-Apr;4(2):223-8.
PMID: 30725905
Matin T, Goodman MB: Benzoyl Peroxide .
PMID: 33508886
Fuchs CSK, Ortner VK, Hansen FS, Philipsen PA, Haedersdal M: Subclinical effects of adapalene-benzoyl peroxide: a prospective in vivo imaging study on acne micromorphology and transfollicular delivery. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021 Jan 28. doi: 10.1111/jdv.17140.
PMID: 32765835
Kurokawa I, Nakase K: Recent advances in understanding and managing acne. F1000Res. 2020 Jul 29;9. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.25588.1. eCollection 2020.
PMID: 10670502
Russell JJ: Topical therapy for acne. Am Fam Physician. 2000 Jan 15;61(2):357-66.
PMID: 7204686
Nacht S, Yeung D, Beasley JN Jr, Anjo MD, Maibach HI: Benzoyl peroxide: percutaneous penetration and metabolic disposition. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1981 Jan;4(1):31-7.

Link

Contoh Produk & Brand

Produk: 1095 • International brands: 0

Produk

10 Acne Med

Gel • 100 mg/1mL • Topical • US • OTC
10 Benzagel Gel - 10%

Gel • 10 % • Topical • Canada • Approved
111 Medco Benzoyl Peroxide

Soap • 100 mg/1g • Topical • US • OTC
2.5 Acne Med

Gel • 25 mg/1mL • Topical • US • OTC
2.5 Benzagel 2.5%

Gel • 2.5 % • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
2.5 Benzagel 2.5% Acne Gel

Gel • 2.5 % • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
2.5 Benzagel Acne Lotion 2.5%

Lotion • 2.5 % • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved
2.5 Benzagel Acne Lotion 2.5%

Lotion • 2.5 % • Topical • Canada • OTC • Approved

Menampilkan 8 dari 1095 produk.

Sekuens Gen/Protein (FASTA)

Sekuens dimuat saat dibutuhkan agar halaman tetap ringan.